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Myth And Religion GCSE Classical Civilisation > The Gods Roman and Greek > Flashcards

The Gods Roman and Greek Flashcards

1
Q

Pantheon

A

A term used to speak of all the gods collectively

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2
Q

Iconography

A

The symbols attached to a particular character when represented in an image

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3
Q

Anthropomorphism

A

Giving human form of atributes to something that is otherwise not human

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4
Q

Epithet

A

An adjectival word or phrase regularly added to a name to denote a personal or physical quality

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5
Q

Chthonic

A

Relating to the gods that were connected with the earth and the underworld

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6
Q

Cornucopia

A

A horn shell that contained an endless supply of food and drink

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7
Q

Diadem

A

A crown often associated with gods or kings

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8
Q

Aegis

A

The breastplate or shield of Athena that contained an image of a gorgon in the centre

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9
Q

Acropolis

A

The highest point in a Greek city usually reserved for religious buildings

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10
Q

Caduceus

A

A traveller’s staff

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11
Q

Thyrsus

A

A staff associated with the god Dionysus, which was tipped with a pine cone; it could also be interwined with ivy

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12
Q

Maenads

A

Female followers of Dionysus

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13
Q

Seer

A

a person who is reputed to be able to see the future

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14
Q

Etruscans

A

it is believed that they inhabited Italy from at least the ninth/eight century BC.
Well established by Rome’s founding

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15
Q

Hellenes

A

a collective name for the Greeks

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16
Q

Magna Graecia

A

‘Great Greece’, the term used to describe the region of southern Italy and Sicily where there were many independent Greek cities

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17
Q

Sarcophagus (pl. Sarcophagi)

A

a stone coffin, especially one bearing sculpture and inscriptions

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18
Q

Plebeians

A

the lowest social class of Romans, making up the majority of the Roman populatoin

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19
Q

Cerealia

A

a major festival in honour of Ceres held in Rome every year between 12th and 19th April

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20
Q

Vulcanalia

A

A festival held in Rome each year on 23rd August in honour of the god vulcan

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21
Q

Actium

A

port on the west coast of Greece, it is now called Preveza

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22
Q

Votive

A

an offering to the gods

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23
Q

Lararium

A

a small shrine to the household gods (Lares) that was found in Roman homes

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24
Q

Bacchanalia

A

A Roman festival in honour of Bacchus

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25
Hydra
a many-headed serpent monster
26
hind
a deer
27
Pithos (pl. pithoi)
a large clay storage jar
28
Pisa
a town near Olympia in the Greek Peloponnese
29
Linchpin (pl. linchpins)
a fastener used to stop a wheel from coming off its axis
30
Pediment
triangular area at the top of each end of a temple, which could contain a sculpture
31
metope (pl. metopes)
square decorative spaces that ran around a Doric temple and could contain sculpture
32
Tiber
the main river running through Rome
33
Pallas
A Giant who fought against the gods, not to be confused with Evander;s son, also called Pallas, or with Athene when called Pallas Athene
34
Centaur
a mythical creature with the upper body of a man and the lower body of a horse
35
pyre
a funderal mound made of wood on which to cremate a body
36
Semi-engaged column
a supporting column that is embedded in a wall, half protruding from it
37
Pax deorum
the peace of the gods
38
Pontifex (pl. pontifices)
a Roman priest in charge of protecting temples, regulating religious law and overseeing the religious calendar
39
Pontifex Maximus
the head of the pontiffs, the greatest pontiff. The post was orgininally elected from the pontifices, but during the empire it was always held by the Emperor.
40
Vestal (pl. vestals)
female priests in charge of the cult of the goddess Vesta
41
Mola salsa
a mix of salt and flour made by the by the Vestal Virgins in Rome and sprinkled on the heads of sacrificial victimes
42
Haruspex (pl. haruspices)
a Roman priest who read omens from entrails
43
augur
A priest who read omens from the behavior of animals and direction of thunder. The taking of augers was commonly before a battle, marriage, or business transaction
44
Lituus
staff used by a Roman auger
45
Popa
an official at a Roman sacrifice who struck the scrificial animal with a wooden rod to stun it
46
Cultrarius (Roman)
an official at a sacrifice who slit the throat of the sacrificial animal
47
Rotunda
a round Roman building, especially one with a dome
48
Oculus
a circular opening at the top of a dome
49
The Lapith
a mythical race of men based in Thessaly, Northern Greece
50
Centauromachy
a mythical battle between the centaurs and Lapiths
51
kylix
a drinking cup
52
attica
the region around Athens in south eastern Greece
53
patronage
the provision of help and support
54
lot
The random drawing of a name from a pot. English idiom: "that's your lot!"
55
Gaul
a Roman province to the west of the Alps encompassing much of modern-day France and northern Italy
56
Public penates
sacred objects dedicated to the city
57
Pietas
the most important heroic quality in the Aeneid, a Roman virtue that means ‘sense of duty’ and applies to a man's duty towards his family, gods, and city ENGLISH- "piety"
58
panathenaia
an annual Athenian festival celebrating Athena's birthday
59
Great Panathenaia
an Athenian festival to Athena that took place every four years and contained more athletic and literary competitions that the annual Panathenaia
60
rhapsode (pl. rhapsodes)
someone who recites epic poetry at a festival competition
61
panathenaic amphora (pl amphorae)
storage jars containing olive oil given as prizes at the Great Panathenaia
62
apobates
in Greek means dismounter – a chariot race in which the rider would dismount and remount his chariot while driving
63
peplos
a Greek dress
64
Eleutherae
a town on the northern border of Attica
65
eponymous archon
an Athenian magistrate elected for one year (eponymous meaning that the civil year was named after him)
66
choregos
chorus director – the financial backer of a set of plays at the City Dionysia in Athens
67
dithyramb
a choral dance in honour of the god Dionysus
68
pompe
a grand procession
69
komos
meaning revel – a party that took place in the streets in honour of the god Dionysus
70
libation
a drink offering poured in honour of the gods
71
theoric fund
a supply of money that was used to pay for the poor to attend the theatre in ancient Athens
72
lupercus
a roman god of fertility and purification
73
luperci
a priest of Lupercus
74
noble
a member of the upper class in Rome
75
Lupercal
the cave in the Palatine Hill of Rome where the Lercallia took place
76
Amazons
a mythical race of women from Asia Minor
77
Asia Minor
the western two thirds of modern Turkey
78
Amazonomachy
mythic battle between the Greeks and Amazons
79
consul
the most important public official in Rome after the emperor; two consuls were elected annually
80
Hispania
a Roman province covering the area of Spain
81
Hiera and religio
Ancients did not have a word for religion Greeks used hiera 'holy affairs' Romans used religio 'the correct worship of the gods'
82
prothesis
during the preparation of the body in Greece, the deceased were laid out for two days to receive mourners
83
lament
a passionate expression of grief or sorrow
84
ekphora
the funeral procession in Greece
85
Kerameikos
an area of Athens that included the main burial ground outside the city
86
stele (pl. stelai)
stone slabs often with carvings commonly used as tombstones
87
Anthesteria
3 day Greek festival to Dionysus and the dead Late January, early Febuary
88
89
Genesia
A Greek festival to the dead ancestors celebrated in late September
90
funeral club
a social club set up to support the less wealthy members of Roman society
91
Atrium
main room of the Roman domus where the family received friends and clients
92
funerary mask
a mask made by placing wax on the deceased face to take their image. When it was dry, it was taken off and stored in the family shrine
93
Manes
Meaning 'the deified ancestors' were the spirits of the dead in the Roman World
94
oral tradition
the passing on of information by word of mouth
95
Muse
nine sister goddesses who presided over various arts
96
taenarus
the traditional entrance to the underworld in the south of the Peloponnese

Myth And Religion GCSE Classical Civilisation (19 decks)

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