The Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh

Question 1

Which muscles extend the hip?

Answer 1

Gluteus Maximus
Hamstring muscles
Hamstring part of adductor magnus

Question 2

Which muscles are the prime abductors of the hip joint? Explain why abduction is
important for normal gait.

Answer 2

Prime abductors = Gluteus medius and minimums

When walking it is important that the pelvis does not tilt to the unsupported side when one foot is off the ground

When we stand on one leg, the abductors on that side contract and hold the
pelvis level, so it does not tilt to the unsupported side.

Question 3

What structures pass through the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 3

Piriformis
Sciatic nerve
Superior and inferior gluteal arteries, veins and nerves
Pudendal nerve
Internal pudendal artery

Question 4

What structures pass through the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 4

 Pudendal nerve (into the perineum)
 Internal pudendal artery (into the perineum)
 Tendon of obturator internus

Question 5

What structures pass through the obturator canal?

Answer 5

Obturator nerve, artery and vein

Question 6

What structures pass deep to the inguinal ligament

Answer 6

Femoral nerve, artery, vein

Question 7

Which muscles attach to the ischial tuberosity?

Answer 7

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Long head of biceps femoris
Hamstring part of adductor magnus

Question 8

Where should an IM gluteal injection be given and why?

Answer 8

Upper outer quadrant - dosen’t risk sciatic nerve injury

Question 9

Which arteries supply the gluteal region? What larger vessel do they arise from?

Answer 9

The superior and inferior gluteal arteries

which are branches from the internal iliac artery

Question 10

Which vessel supplies the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 10

Perforating arteries from the profunda femoris