Session 35 - The Joints of the Lower Limb

Question 1

At which joint does inversion and eversion of the foot occur?

Answer 1

The subtalar joint

Question 2

Which vessels supply blood to the head of the femur?

Answer 2

Arises from the profunda femoris

Question 3

What results if the vessel that supplies the head of the femur is disrupted by a fracture of the femoral neck?

Answer 3

Profunda femoris
Give rise to retinacular arteries - travel along the femur
Avascular necrosis of femoral head results

Question 4

What are the functions of the cruciate ligaments?

Answer 4

Stability of the knee

Question 5

What are the two cruciate ligaments?

Answer 5

Anterior and Posterior

Question 6

What does the anterior cruciate resist?

Answer 6

The anterior cruciate resists forward movement of the tibia relative to the
femur

Question 7

What does the posterior cruciate resist?

Answer 7

Posterior movement of the tibia relative to the femur

Question 8

What mechanisms resist dislocation of the patella? Why does it tend to dislocate
laterally?

Answer 8

Dislocations of the patella are usually lateral because the femur is
orientated obliquely, relative to the tibia, and the pull of the quadriceps is
lateral.

Question 9

What 2 anatomical factors resist lateral movement of the patella?

Answer 9

Distal fibres of vastus medialis are horizontally orientated

The lateral part of the patella groove on the femur is more prominent
than the medial part. This feature helps to resist lateral movement of
the patella.

Question 10

What type of injuries sprain the medial ankle ligaments?

Answer 10

Sprain of the medial ligament of the ankle - eversion of foot

Question 11

What type of injuries sprain the lateral ankle ligaments?

Answer 11

Sprain of the lateral ligament of the ankle - inversion of the foot