The Genetic Code/Translation

Question 1

5 characteristics of the genetic code

Answer 1

• Degenerate
• Triplet code - made up of codons
• Start/Stop codons
• Universal
• Non-overlapping

Question 2

What is AUG?

Answer 2

Methionine/Start codon

Question 3

What is the start codon?

Answer 3

AUG

Question 4

What are the stop codons?

Answer 4

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 5

Which amino acid is also the start codon?

Answer 5

Methionine

Question 6

What are the three sites on the ribosome?

Answer 6

E, P, A

Question 7

Where does the incoming amino-acyl tRNA bind to?

Answer 7

A-site

Question 8

What does peptide transferase do?

Answer 8

Binds amino acid from amino-acyl tRNA to the polypeptide chain

Question 9

Which was does the tRNA move?

Answer 9

A –>P–>E

Question 10

What is the E site?

Answer 10

Exit

Question 11

Talk through translation

Answer 11

Incoming amino-acyl tRNA binds to vacant A-site
Peptidyl transferase binds amino acid from amino-acyl tRNA to the polypeptide chains and amino-acyl tRNA models along to the P-site as the ribosome undergoes conformational change
mRNA moves along 3 nucleotides and tRNA molecule ejected at E-site

Question 12

What molecule is released in this process?

Answer 12

H2O

Question 13

What elongation factor is used in translation?

Answer 13

EF-Tu-GTPase

Question 14

What promotes EF-Tu-GTPase activity?

Answer 14

Correct base paragon between mRNA codon and tRNA codon

Question 15

What kind of factor is involved in translation?

Answer 15

Elongation factor

Question 16

Which end of the growing polypeptide chain is the new amino acid attached to?

Answer 16

C-terminus of growing polypeptide chain