The Genesis of Science

Question 1

“Arabic” Science is called as such because it is

written in the ——-language.

Answer 1

arabic

Question 2

Like Arabic philosophy, medieval Arabic science
was especially indebted to the legacy of the
———— world.

Answer 2

Greco-Hellenistic

Question 3

The Greek works translated at the time include:
(in ————) Euclid’s Elements and the
works of Archimedes, (in ——–) Ptolemy’s
Almagest, and (in ———-) the works of Galen,
Hippocrates and Dioscorides.

Answer 3

mathematics
astronomy
medicine

Question 4

Two communities that played a key part in the early
development of Arabic science – both as ——– and ————- – were the ‘———-’ of Harran and the ———- Christians of Iraq.

Answer 4

translators
authors
Sabaeans
Nestorian

Question 5

The Sabaeans were a ——— community based in the

Eastern Anatolian city of ———-.

Answer 5

pagan

harran

Question 6

Harran was a noted center

of ———- learning along with Alexandria.

Answer 6

Hellenistic

Question 7

Sabaeans strongly influenced by the teachings of Pythagoras, they were skilled ————-.

Answer 7

mathematicians.

Question 8

• The Sabaean —————– (836 – 901) translated

Archimedes’ The Sphere and the Cylinder into Arabic and wrote original works of his own.

Answer 8

Thābit ibn Qurrā’

Question 9

The Nestorians, based chiefly in ———– (Persian
intellectual center dated back to the Sassanid Empire
prior to Islam), were renowned for their ———
knowledge – rooted in a thorough acquaintance with the Greco-Hellenistic medical tradition – and were favored ———- by the early ‘Abbasid caliphs and their ministers.

Answer 9

Jundi Shapur
medical
physicians

Question 10

--------------------------------
known as Rhazes or Rasis after
medieval Latinists (865-925), was a
---------- polymath, a prominent figure
in Islamic ----------- Age, physician,
alchemist and chemist, philosopher,
and scholar

Answer 10

Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi
Persian
Golden

Question 11

• Numerous “firsts” in medical research,
clinical care, and chemistry are
attributed to------------, including being the
first to differentiate smallpox from
measles, and the discovery of
numerous compounds and chemicals
including -----------, -----------

Answer 11

Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi
kerosene
alcohol

Question 12

Ala’ al-Din Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali alDimashqi, known as ———-, was an
———– physician who is mostly famous for
being the first to describe the pulmonary
circulation of the blood.

Answer 12

Ibn al-Nafis

arab

Question 13

Ibn al Nafis was born in 1213 in ———- and he
attended the Medical College Hospital
there.

Answer 13

Damascus

Question 14

In 1236, Ibn al-Nafis moved to ——–. He
worked at the ———–Hospital, and
subsequently at the ————-Hospital,
where he became chief of physicians and
the Sultan’s personal physician

Answer 14

Egypt
al-Nasri
al-Mansouri

Question 15

When Ibn al Nafis died in 1288, he donated his house, library, and clinic to the ———- Hospital.

Answer 15

Mansuriya

Question 16

————- Khalaf ibn al-Abbas ————
(936–1013), also known in the West as ———-,
was an Arab physician who lived in ———-

Answer 16

Abu al-Qasim
Al-Zahrawi
Abulcasis
Al Andalus

Question 17

Who is considered the greatest medieval surgeon to
have appeared from the Islamic World, and has
been described by many as the father of modern
surgery?

Answer 17

Abulcasis

Question 18

Abu Al-Qasim’s greatest contribution to medicine is
the Kitab ———, a thirty-volume encyclopaedia of
medical practices.

Answer 18

al-Tasrif

Question 19

His pioneering contributions to the field of
surgical procedures and instruments had an
enormous impact in the —— and ——- well into
the ——– period, where some of his discoveries
are still applied in medicine to this day.

Answer 19

east
west
modern

Question 20

Abulcasis was the first physician to describe an ectopic
———-, and the first physician to identify the
hereditary nature of ———-

Answer 20

pregnancy

hemophilia

Question 21

Ibn al-Jazzar (d. 984). Born in ———–

Modern Tunisia

Answer 21

Kairouan

Question 22

Ibn Al-Jazzar was a Medical ———, ———–, and ———-

Answer 22

practitioner
therapist
author

Question 23

who is mostly famous for
being the first to describe the pulmonary
circulation of the blood?

Answer 23

ibn al nafis

Question 24

father of modern

surgery?

Answer 24

Abulcasis

Question 25

Ibn al Jazzar was the foremost physician in the field
of ———–, which made him famous in
Andalus and the East, and Europe after
his work had been translated into Latin.

Answer 25

childcare

Question 26

Ibn al-Haytham (d. 1040) known in Europe as “———” was born in Basrah (Iraq).

Answer 26

Alhazen

Question 27

Who contributed to the study of optics in his book The Book of Optics
which includes new theory of vision, reflection, and refraction of light
and color?

Answer 27

Ibn Al Haytham (Al hazen)

Question 28

He proved that rays of light travel in straight lines.

He was the first person to give clear description and early analysis of The camera obscure and pinhole. Who is he?

Answer 28

Ibn Al Haytham

Question 29

Our modern number system is
called ————- in recognition
of its origins in the number systems
of ——–and ———-

Answer 29

Hindu-Arabic
India
Arabia

Question 30

Our number system depends fundamentally on
the number —–, which was
invented by —– mathematicians.

Answer 30

zero

arab

Question 31

A numeral is sometimes called a
——– (hence encipher, decipher) from
the Arabic word ——meaning zero.

Answer 31

cipher

sifr

Question 32

Who is the father of alegbra and algorism?

Answer 32

Mohammad b. Musa al-Khawarizmi

Question 33

What did Al-Khawarizmi write?

Answer 33

al-Jabr wal-Muqabalah

Question 34

————– (d.
1131) was a Persian
polymath, philosopher,
mathematician, astronomer
and poet.

Answer 34

‘Umar al-Khayyām

Question 35

Who wrote treatises on
mechanics, geography,
mineralogy, music, and
Islamic theology?

Answer 35

Umar al Khayyam

Question 36

‘Umar al-Khayyām wrote the
influential Treatise on
----------------------------
which developed the principles
of algebra.

Answer 36

Demonstration of Problems of Algebra

Question 37

Who derived general methods for
solving cubic equations and even
some higher orders?

Answer 37

Umar Al Khayyam

Question 38

The Arabs were particularly interested in astronomy because they needed to ?

Answer 38

calculate the prayer time, determine the direction of prayer (qibla), and determine the monthly
calendar

Question 39

Various centers of astronomical research in the Islamic world are in?

Answer 39

Baghdad, Cairo, Ghazna, Maragha, Samarkand

Question 40

Caliph ———

ordered the preparation of these new astronomical tables known as —–

Answer 40

al-Ma’mun

Zij

Question 41

The astronomical tables were based on computational instruments like ——— and ———–

Answer 41

astrolabes

quadrants