The Gallbladder

Question 1

Inflammation of the GB w/out associated gall stones

Answer 1

Acalculous cholecystitis

Question 2

The sudden onset of GB inflammation

Answer 2

Acute cholecystitis

Question 3

Benign hyperplasia of the GB wall

Answer 3

Adenomyomatosis

Question 4

Pain located in the RUQ in the area of the GB

Answer 4

Biliary colic

Question 5

The effect of dirty shadowing reverberation, or ring down artifact caused by gas produced by bacteria within the nondependent GB wall

Answer 5

Champagne sign

Question 6

The surgical removal of the GB

Answer 6

Cholecystectomy

Question 7

The hormone produced by the duodenum that causes the GB to contract

Answer 7

Cholecystokinin

Question 8

The presence of gallstones within the biliary tree

Answer 8

Choledocholithiasis

Question 9

Gallstones

Answer 9

Cholelithiasis

Question 10

A condition that results from the disturbance in cholesterol metabolism and accumulation of cholesterol typically within a focal region of the GB wall; may be diffuse

Answer 10

Cholesterolosis

AKA strawberry GB

Question 11

Cholecystitis that results from intermittent obstruction of the cystic duct by gallstones

Answer 11

Chronic cholecystitis

Question 12

Partially digested food from the stomach

Answer 12

Chyme

Question 13

A form of reverberation artifact in which there is a band of echoes that taper distal to a strong reflector

Answer 13

Comet tail artifact

Question 14

The clinical detection of an enlarged palpable GB cause by a biliary obstruction in the in the area of the pancreatic head; typically caused by a pancreatic head mass

Answer 14

Courvoisier GB

Question 15

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease that leads to thickening and scarring of the bowel walls leading to chronic pain and recurrent bowel obstruction

Answer 15

Crohn disease

Question 16

The duct that connects the GB to the common hepatic duct

Answer 16

Cystic duct

Question 17

Abnormal distention of an organ with air or gas

Answer 17

Emphysematous

Question 18

The presence or collection of pus

Answer 18

Empyema

Question 19

The twisting of the vascular supply to the GB

Answer 19

GB torsion

Question 20

An outpouching of the GB neck (normal variant)

Answer 20

Hartmann pouch

Question 21

A condition that results in the destruction of RBCs

Answer 21

Hemolytic Anemia

Question 22

Situation in which the GB is completely filled tumefactive sludge, causing the GB to appear isoechoic to the liver tissue

Answer 22

Hepatization of the GB

Question 23

An enlarged GB, AKA mucocele of the GB

Answer 23

Hydropic GB

Question 24

The intravenous administration of nutrients and vitamins

Answer 24

Hyperalimentation

Question 25

A grow of proliferative and degenerative GB disorders which includes both adenomyomatosis and cholesterolosis

Answer 25

Hyperplastic Cholecystosis

Question 26

Abnormal low level of albumin in the blood; albumin is the protein produced in the liver

Answer 26

Hypoalbuminemia

Question 27

A fold in the neck of the GB (normal variant)

Answer 27

Junctional fold

Question 28

A condition associated with vasculitis and can affect the lymph node, skin, and mucous membranes; AKA mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome

Answer 28

Kawasaki disease

Question 29

An elevated WBC count

Answer 29

Leukocytosis

Question 30

Pain directly over the GB with applied probe pressure

Answer 30

Murphy sign

Question 31

The total number of completed pregnancies that have reached the age of viability

Answer 31

Parity

Question 32

Fluid around the GB

Answer 32

Pericholecystic fluid

Question 33

Inflammation of the peritoneal lining

Answer 33

Peritonitis

Question 34

When the GB fundus is folded onto itself (most common normal variant)

Answer 34

Phrygian cap

Question 35

The calcification of all or part of the GB wall

Answer 35

Porcelain GB

Question 36

After a meal

Answer 36

Postprandial

Question 37

Tiny pockets within the GB wall

Answer 37

Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses

Question 38

A life threatening condition caused by the bodys response to a systemic infection

Answer 38

Sepsis

Question 39

An illness resulting from another disease, trauma, or injury

Answer 39

Sequela

Question 40

A form of hemolytic anemia typically found in people of African descent; characterized dysfunctional sickle-shaped RBCs

Answer 40

Sickle cell disease

Question 41

Folds located within the cystic duct that prevent it from collapsing and distending

Answer 41

Spiral valves of Heister

Question 42

Complication of acute cholecystitis characterized by pus accumulation within the GB

Answer 42

Suppurative Cholecystitis

Question 43

The feeding of a person intravenously

Answer 43

Total parenteral nutrition

Question 44

Thick sludge

Answer 44

Tumefactive sludge

Question 45

Shadowing of the GB fossa produced by a GB that is completely filled with gallstones

Answer 45

wall-echo-shadow sign

Question 46

Hourglass appearance of GB (normal variant)

Answer 46

Bilobed GB

Question 47

GB appears as thin separations within the GB (normal variant)

Answer 47

Septated GB

Question 48

What are the 4 sources of focal GB wall thickening?

Answer 48

- Polyp - Adenomyomatosis - GB carcinoma - Adhered gallstone

Question 49

What are the 10 sources of diffuse GB wall thickening?

Answer 49

- Postprandial - Acute cholecystitis - Chronic cholecystitis - Adenomyomatosis - Hypoalbuminemia - AIDS cholangiopathy - CHF - GB carcinoma - Benign ascites - Hepatic dysfunction

Question 50

What are the 6 clinical findings of Cholelithiasis?

Answer 50

- Asymptomatic - Biliary colic - ABD pain after fatty meals - Epigastric pain - Nausea and vomiting - Shoulder pain

Question 51

What are the 6 F's that Cholelithiasis are most commonly seen in?

Answer 51

- Female - Fertile - Flatulent - Fair - Forty

Question 52

What are the 3 sonographic findings of Cholelithiasis?

Answer 52

- WES sign (GB completely filled w/ stones) - Echogenic, mobile, shadowing structure. - Stone lodged in the cystic duct or neck of the GB may not move

Question 53

What are the 2 clinical findings of GB sludge?

Answer 53

- Asymptomatic | - Biliary stasis (extended period of fasting)

Question 54

What is the sonographic findings of GB sludge?

Answer 54

A collection of low level, non shadowing, dependent echoes within the GB lumen.