The Gallbladder Flashcards
Inflammation of the GB w/out associated gall stones
Acalculous cholecystitis
The sudden onset of GB inflammation
Acute cholecystitis
Benign hyperplasia of the GB wall
Adenomyomatosis
Pain located in the RUQ in the area of the GB
Biliary colic
The effect of dirty shadowing reverberation, or ring down artifact caused by gas produced by bacteria within the nondependent GB wall
Champagne sign
The surgical removal of the GB
Cholecystectomy
The hormone produced by the duodenum that causes the GB to contract
Cholecystokinin
The presence of gallstones within the biliary tree
Choledocholithiasis
Gallstones
Cholelithiasis
A condition that results from the disturbance in cholesterol metabolism and accumulation of cholesterol typically within a focal region of the GB wall; may be diffuse
Cholesterolosis
AKA strawberry GB
Cholecystitis that results from intermittent obstruction of the cystic duct by gallstones
Chronic cholecystitis
Partially digested food from the stomach
Chyme
A form of reverberation artifact in which there is a band of echoes that taper distal to a strong reflector
Comet tail artifact
The clinical detection of an enlarged palpable GB cause by a biliary obstruction in the in the area of the pancreatic head; typically caused by a pancreatic head mass
Courvoisier GB
Chronic inflammatory bowel disease that leads to thickening and scarring of the bowel walls leading to chronic pain and recurrent bowel obstruction
Crohn disease
The duct that connects the GB to the common hepatic duct
Cystic duct
Abnormal distention of an organ with air or gas
Emphysematous
The presence or collection of pus
Empyema
The twisting of the vascular supply to the GB
GB torsion
An outpouching of the GB neck (normal variant)
Hartmann pouch
A condition that results in the destruction of RBCs
Hemolytic Anemia
Situation in which the GB is completely filled tumefactive sludge, causing the GB to appear isoechoic to the liver tissue
Hepatization of the GB
An enlarged GB, AKA mucocele of the GB
Hydropic GB
The intravenous administration of nutrients and vitamins
Hyperalimentation
A grow of proliferative and degenerative GB disorders which includes both adenomyomatosis and cholesterolosis
Hyperplastic Cholecystosis
Abnormal low level of albumin in the blood; albumin is the protein produced in the liver
Hypoalbuminemia
A fold in the neck of the GB (normal variant)
Junctional fold
A condition associated with vasculitis and can affect the lymph node, skin, and mucous membranes; AKA mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
Kawasaki disease
An elevated WBC count
Leukocytosis
Pain directly over the GB with applied probe pressure
Murphy sign
The total number of completed pregnancies that have reached the age of viability
Parity
Fluid around the GB
Pericholecystic fluid
Inflammation of the peritoneal lining
Peritonitis
When the GB fundus is folded onto itself (most common normal variant)
Phrygian cap
The calcification of all or part of the GB wall
Porcelain GB
After a meal
Postprandial
Tiny pockets within the GB wall
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
A life threatening condition caused by the bodys response to a systemic infection
Sepsis
An illness resulting from another disease, trauma, or injury
Sequela
A form of hemolytic anemia typically found in people of African descent; characterized dysfunctional sickle-shaped RBCs
Sickle cell disease
Folds located within the cystic duct that prevent it from collapsing and distending
Spiral valves of Heister
Complication of acute cholecystitis characterized by pus accumulation within the GB
Suppurative Cholecystitis
The feeding of a person intravenously
Total parenteral nutrition
Thick sludge
Tumefactive sludge
Shadowing of the GB fossa produced by a GB that is completely filled with gallstones
wall-echo-shadow sign
Hourglass appearance of GB (normal variant)
Bilobed GB
GB appears as thin separations within the GB (normal variant)
Septated GB
What are the 4 sources of focal GB wall thickening?
- Polyp
- Adenomyomatosis
- GB carcinoma
- Adhered gallstone
What are the 10 sources of diffuse GB wall thickening?
- Postprandial
- Acute cholecystitis
- Chronic cholecystitis
- Adenomyomatosis
- Hypoalbuminemia
- AIDS cholangiopathy
- CHF
- GB carcinoma
- Benign ascites
- Hepatic dysfunction
What are the 6 clinical findings of Cholelithiasis?
- Asymptomatic
- Biliary colic
- ABD pain after fatty meals
- Epigastric pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Shoulder pain
What are the 6 F’s that Cholelithiasis are most commonly seen in?
- Female
- Fertile
- Flatulent
- Fair
- Forty
What are the 3 sonographic findings of Cholelithiasis?
- WES sign (GB completely filled w/ stones)
- Echogenic, mobile, shadowing structure.
- Stone lodged in the cystic duct or neck of the GB may not move
What are the 2 clinical findings of GB sludge?
- Asymptomatic
- Biliary stasis (extended period of fasting)
What is the sonographic findings of GB sludge?
A collection of low level, non shadowing, dependent echoes within the GB lumen.
