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ABD Overview Flashcards

1
Q

A condition in which the RBC count or the hemoglobin is decreased.

A

Anemia

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2
Q

Drug therapy in which anticoagulation medications are given to a Pt to slow the rate at which the Pts blood clots.

A

Anticoagulation therapy

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3
Q

A collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity.

A

Ascites

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4
Q

The cells in the adrenal medulla that secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine.

A

Chromaffin cells

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5
Q

The information gathered by obtaining a clinical history.

A

Clinical findings

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6
Q

A Pts signs and symptoms, pertinent illnesses, past surgeries, LAB findings, and the results of other diagnostic testing.

A

Clinical history

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7
Q

Disorders that result from the bodys inability to coagulate or form blood clots also referred to as bleeding disorders.

A

coagulopathies

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8
Q

An imaging modality that uses x-ray to obtain cross sectional images of the body in multiple planes; also referred to as CT or CAT scan.

A

Computed tomography

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9
Q

A sonographic technique employed to evaluate a mass based on its stiffness, ultimately providing a prediction as to whether a mass is more likely malignant or benign.

A

Elastography

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10
Q

A means of looking inside the body using an endoscope.

A

Endoscopy

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11
Q

A collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity that may be associated with cancer.

A

Exudate ascites

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12
Q

A distinctive line seen within a cyst representing the layering of two different fluid densities.

A

Fluid-fluid level

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13
Q

Hormone produced by the stomach lining that is used to regulate the release of digestive acid.

A

Gastrin

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14
Q

a LAB value that indicates the amount of RBC in the blood.

A

Hematocrit

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15
Q

The bodys ability or tendency to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiologic processes.

A

Homeostasis

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16
Q

A condition that results from the overproduction of thyroid hormones.

A

Hyperthyroidism

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17
Q

A condition that results from the underproduction of thyroid hormones.

A

Hypothyroidism

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18
Q

Something located within the lumen or opening of an organ or structure.

A

Intraluminal

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19
Q

Located within the parietal peritoneum.

A

Intraperitoneal

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20
Q

Cancer that causes lesions to develop on the skin and other places; often associated with AIDS.

A

Kaposi sarcoma

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21
Q

An elevated WBC count.

A

Leukocytosis

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22
Q

disease or enlargement of the lymph nodes.

A

Lymphadenopathy

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23
Q

Build up of lymph that is most likely caused by the obstruction of lymph drainage.

A

Lymphedema

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24
Q

The displacement or alteration of normal anatomy that is located adjacent to a tumor.

A

Mass effect

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25
Q

The space between the liver and the RT kidney; also referred to as the posterior RT subhepatic space.

A

Morrison pouch

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26
Q

Having many cavities.

A

Multiloculated

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27
Q

Small solid internal projections of tissue originating from the wall of the cyst.

A

Mural nodules

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28
Q

Hospital acquired infections.

A

Nosocomial infections

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29
Q

A diagnostic imaging modality that utilizes the administration of radionuclides into the human body for an analysis of the function of organs or for the treatment of various abnormalities.

A

Nuclear medicine

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30
Q

Large cells of glandular origin.

A

Oncocytes

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31
Q

A procedure that uses a needle to drain fluid from the abdominal cavity for diagnostic and/or therapeutic reasons.

A

Paracentesis

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32
Q

The portion of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities.

A

Parietal peritoneum

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33
Q

Endocrine gland located in the brain that that secretes melatonin.

A

Pineal gland

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34
Q

A diagnostic imaging modality that uses ionizing radiation for imaging bones, joints, organs, and some other soft tissue structures.

A

Radiography

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35
Q

Posterior to the peritoneum.

A

Retroperitoneal

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36
Q

Fluid that is secreted by the serous membrane

A

Serial fluid

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37
Q

An objective evidence of a disease such as LAB findings and fever.

A

Signs

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38
Q

Information gathered by performing a sonographic examination.

A

Sonographic findings

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39
Q

The space between the UB and the pubic bone; also referred to as the retropubic space.

A

Space of Retzius

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40
Q

A gel pad that is used to provide some distance between the xdcr face and the skin surface, allowing superficial structures to be imaged more clearly.

A

Standoff pad

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41
Q

Any subjective evidence of a disease such as nausea, weakness, or numbness.

A

Symptoms

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42
Q

A procedure that uses a needle to drain fluid from the pleural cavity for either diagnostic or therapeutic reasons.

A

Thoracentesis

43
Q

Gland of the immune and lymphatic system located in the chest.

A

Thymus gland

44
Q

A collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity often associated with cirrhosis.

A

Transudate ascites

45
Q

Substances produced by cancer cells or organs in response to cancer.

A

Tumor markers

46
Q

Having a single cavity.

A

Unilocular

47
Q

The portion of the peritoneum that is closely applied to each organ.

A

Visceral peritoneum

48
Q

A radiographic examination used to evaluate the lower urinary tract, where a contrast agent is instilled into the UB by means of urethral catheterization.

A

Voiding cystourethrogram

49
Q

A congenital disorder that causes a person to retain excess copper

A

Wilson disease

50
Q

What is the normal echogenicity of the ABD organs from brightest to darkest:

A
  • renal sinus
  • pancreas
  • spleen
  • liver
  • renal cortex
  • renal pyramids
  • GB
51
Q

Without echoes (ex: GB, simple renal cyst).

52
Q

Having both cyst and solid components (ex: hemorrhagic cyst, hepatic cyst).

53
Q

Structure that produces echoes (ex: fatty liver, chronic renal disease)

54
Q

Consisting of different composition (ex: graves disease, diffuse liver metastasis).

A

Heterogeneous

55
Q

Consisting of uniform composition (ex: normal liver, normal testicle).

A

Homogeneous

56
Q

Having many echoes (ex: cavernous hemangioma, angiomyolipoma).

A

Hyperechoic

57
Q

Having few echoes (ex: hepatic adenoma, thyroid adenoma).

A

Hypoechoic

58
Q

Having the same echogenicity (ex: focal nodular hyperplasia).

59
Q

What are the normal ranges for basic patient care assessment?

  • Body temp?
  • Adult pulse?
  • Adult BP?
  • Adult respiration?
A

Body Temp 98.6 (oral)
Adult pulse 60-100 beats/minute
Adult BP <120/80
Adult respiration 12-20 breaths/minute

60
Q

What are the 10 vital rules of surgical asepsis to remember?

A
  • Always know which area and items are sterile and which are not.
  • If the sterility of an object is questionable, it is considered non sterile.
  • If you recognize that an item has become non sterile, act immediately.
  • A sterile field must never be left unmonitored, if it is left unattended, it is considered non sterile.
  • A sterile person does not lean across a sterile field.
  • A sterile field ends at the level of the table top.
  • Cuffs on a sterile gown are not considered sterile.
  • If one sterile person must pass another, they must pass back-to-back.
  • Coughing, sneezing, or excessive talking over a sterile field leads to contamination.
61
Q

List the 5 intraperitoneal organs:

A
  • GB
  • Liver (except for bare area)
  • Ovaries
  • Spleen (except for hilum)
  • Stomach
62
Q

List the 12 retroperitoneal organs:

A
  • ABD lymph nodes
  • Adrenal glands
  • AO
  • Ascending/descedning colon
  • Duodenum
  • IVC
  • KID
  • PANC
  • Prostate gland
  • Ureters
  • UB
  • UT
63
Q

What are the 7 pathologies associated with ascites?

A
  • Acute cholecystitis
  • Cirrhosis
  • CHF
  • Ectopic pregnancy
  • Malignancy
  • Portal hypertension
  • Ruptured AAA
64
Q

Transitional cell carcinoma is commonly found in all of the following locations except for:

a. liver
b. renal pelvis
c. urinary bladder
d. ureter

65
Q

A PT with cholecystitis most likely has an elevation in which of the following labs?

a. alpha-fetoprotein
b. WBC count
c. lactate dehydrogenase
d. chromaffin

A

b. WBC count

66
Q

The neuroblastoma is a malignant pediatric mass commonly found in the:

a. kid
b. liver
c. testicle
d. adrenal gland

A

d. adrenal gland

67
Q

What is the substance produced by a cancerous tumor or an organ or structure in response to cancer?

a. oncocyte
b. tumor marker
c. lymphadenopathy
d. homeostatin

A

d. tumor marker

68
Q

The pheochromocytoma is a benign mass commonly located in the:

a. testicle
b. thyroid gland
c. adrenal gland
d. liver

A

c. adrenal gland

69
Q

A tumor that is of similar echotexture to normal liver tissue is discovered in the liver of an asymptomatic PT, what is the echogenocity of the tumor?

a. echogenic
b. hypoechoic
c. isoechoic
d. hypodense

A

c. isoechoic

70
Q

Which of the following is not considered to be an intraperitoneal organ?

a. liver
b. pancreas
c. GB
d. spleen

A

b. pancreas

71
Q

Which of the following are not considered retroperitoneal organs?

a. ABD lymph nodes
b. adrenal glands
c. kid
d. ovaries

A

d. ovaries

72
Q

What is another name for Morrison pouch?

A

Posterior right sub hepatic space.

73
Q

The hypernephroma may also be referred to as:

A

Renal cell carcinoma

74
Q

A type of reverberation artifact caused by several small, highly reflective interfaces, such as gas bubbles, describes:

a. mirror image artifact
b. posterior shadowing
c. comet tail artifact
d. ring-down artifact

A

c. comet tail artifact

75
Q

The term cholioangiocarcinoma denotes:

A

bile duct carcinoma

76
Q

Which of the following occurs when the doppler sampling rate (pulse-repetition frequency) is not high enough to display the doppler frequency shift?

a. doppler noise
b. aliasing
c. mirror image
d. twinkle artifact

A

b. aliasing

77
Q

The hepatoma is a:

a. benign tumor of the spleen
b. benign tumor of the liver
c. malignant tumor of the pancreas
d. malignant tumor of the liver

A

d. malignant tumor of the liver

78
Q

The hepatoblastoma is a:

a. benign tumor of the pediatric liver
b. malignant tumor of the adult liver
c. malignant tumor of the pediatric liver
d. malignant tumor of the pediatric adrenal gland

A

c. malignant tumor of the pediatric liver

79
Q

Which of the following is the space located between the pancreas and the stomach?

a. Morrison pouch
b. lesser sac
c. space of retzius
d. pouch of Douglas

A

b. lesser sac

80
Q

What is another name for Wilms tumor?

A

Nephroblastoma

81
Q

An angiosarcoma would most likely be discovered in the:

a. rectum
b. GB
c. spleen
d. pancreas

82
Q

Which of the following is not an endocrine organ or structure?

a. thymus
b. pancreas
c. thyroid
d. spleen

83
Q

Which of the following is an artifact that alters the echogenicity of the tendon?

a. acoustic enhancement
b. anisotropy
c. ring-down artifact
d. mirror image artifact

A

b. anisotropy

84
Q

The gastrinoma would most likely be discovered in the:

a. pancreas
b. adrenal gland
c. stomach
d. spleen

A

a. pancreas

85
Q

Which is considered to be an intraperitoneal organ?

a. LT kid
b. AO
c. IVC
d. liver

86
Q

Which of the following is considered to be a malignant testicular neoplasm?

a. neuroblastoma
b. hepatoma
c. yolk sac tumor
d. hamartoma

A

c. yolk sac tumor

87
Q

Which of the following is caused by the bending of the ultrasound beam when it passes through an interface between two tissues with vastly dissimilar speeds of sounds and the angle of the approach is not perpendicular?

a. comet tail
b. refraction
c. reverberation
d. acoustic enhancement

A

b. refraction

88
Q

These potential spaces extend alongside the ascending and descending colon on both sides of the ABD:

a. paracolic gutters
b. periumbillical gutters
c. greater gutters
d. pericentric gutters

A

a. paracolic gutters

89
Q

This common tumor of the kidney consists of blood vessels, muscle, and fat.

A

Angiomyolipoma

90
Q

Which of the following is not a salivary gland?

a. thyroid gland
b. parotid gland
c. submandibular gland
d. sublingual gland

A

a. thyroid gland

91
Q

Which of the following is not a pediatric malignant tumor?

a. hepatoblastoma
b. neuroblastoma
c. pheochromocytoma
d. nephroblastoma

A

c. pheochromocytoma

92
Q

A tumor that consists of tissue from all three germ cell layers is the:

a. pheochromocytoma
b. hamartoma
c. adrenal rest tumor
d. teratoma

A

d. teratoma AKA dermoid

93
Q

Which of the following lab values would be most helpful in evaluating a PT who has suffered from recent trauma?

a. WBC count
b. alpha-fetoprotein
c. blood urea nitrogen
d. hematocrit

A

d. hematocrit

94
Q

The insulinoma is a:

a. malignant pediatric adrenal tumor
b. benign pancreatic tumor
c. malignant pediatric tumor
d. benign liver tumor

A

b. benign pancreatic tumor

95
Q

A tumor that consists of a group of inflammatory cells best describes the:

a. hematoma
b. hepatoma
c. lymphoma
d. granuloma

A

d. granuloma

96
Q

A tumor that consists of a focal collection of blood best describes:

a. hematoma
b. hamartoma
c. lipoma
d. angiomyolipoma

A

a. hematoma

97
Q

Which of the following is a tumor marker that maybe be used in cases of suspected testicular malignancy?

a. BUN
b. creatinine
c. human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG)
d. calcitonin

A

c. human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG)

98
Q

The malignant testicular tumor that consists of trophoblastic cells is the:

a. choriocarcinoma
b. yolk sac tumor
c. teratoma
d. insulinoma

A

a. choriocarcinoma

99
Q

What is the artifact most likely encountered posterior to a gallstone?

a. acoustic enhancement
b. shadowing
c. ring-down
d. reverberation

A

b. shadowing

100
Q

A collection of ABD fluid within the peritoneal cavity often associated with cancer is termed:

a. transudate ascites
b. chromaffin ascites
c. peritoneal ascites
d. exudate ascites

A

d. exudate ascites

101
Q

Which of the following is not a rule of surgical asepsis?

a. if you recognize that an item has become non sterile, act immediately.
b. if one sterile person must pass another, they must pass face to face.
c. a sterile field must never be left unmonitored. if a sterile field is left, it is considered non sterile.
d. a sterile person does not lean across a sterile field.

A

b. if one sterile person must pass another, they must pass face to face.

102
Q

Which of the following occurs behind strong, granular, and irregular surfaces like crystals, calculi, or calcifications?

a. tinkle artifact
b. refraction
c. anisotropy
d. side lobes

A

a. twinkle artifact

103
Q

Which of the following has both an endocrine and an exocrine function?

a. adrenal glands
b. spleen
c. pancreas
d. duodenum

A

c. pancreas

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