The Functioning Cell Flashcards
What is an element?
An element is a substance that contains one or more atoms that have the same number of protons.
What is a molecule?
A molecule contains two or more atoms chemically joined together.
What is a compound?
A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements.
What are organic compounds?
Organic compounds are compounds containing carbon and hydrogen produced by organisms such as plants and animals.
What are inorganic compounds?
Inorganic compounds are all compounds that are not organic.
What are examples of organic compounds?
Examples of organic compounds include methane, benzene, glucose, and lactic acid.
What are examples of inorganic compounds?
Examples of inorganic compounds include carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water.
What are the four main types of organic molecules?
The four main types of organic molecules are nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
What are macromolecules?
Macromolecules are large molecules formed by units of smaller molecules (monomers) bonded together.
What is the bonding type of organic molecules?
Organic molecules typically bond covalently.
What is the physical state of organic molecules?
The physical state of organic molecules is commonly gases and liquids.
What is the solubility of organic molecules?
Most organic molecules are insoluble, but many are soluble.
What affects the reaction rate of organic molecules?
The reaction rate of organic molecules can vary.
What are peptide bonds?
Peptide bonds are the linkages that connect amino acids in proteins.
What are nucleotides?
Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids and include A, G, C, T, and V.
What does ‘leNA’ refer to?
leNA refers to nucleic acids that contain OH, indicating they are acidic.
How do carbon bonds work?
The number of lines drawn between two atoms indicates the number of electrons they share.
What does it mean if a compound contains multiple carbon bonds?
If a compound contains any multiple carbon bond, it is considered unsaturated.
What are saturated compounds?
Saturated compounds have only single bonds and cannot combine with more hydrogen.
What are carbohydrates made of?
Carbohydrates are biological molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.
What are the three categories of carbohydrates?
The three categories are monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
What are monosaccharides?
Monosaccharides are the monomers of carbohydrates.
What are disaccharides?
Disaccharides are composed of two chemically bound monosaccharides.
What are polysaccharides?
Polysaccharides are composed of many monosaccharides.
