The French Revolution Flashcards
Social Classes in prerevolutionary France
estates
Feudal social system in France before the Rev.
Old Regime
Members of the First Estate
clergy
Members of the Second Estate
nobles
These were not required for the privileged classes
taxes
What the Third Estate’s upper class was called
Bourgeoisie
Weak monarch unable to deal with France’s economic troubles
Louis XVI
The unpopular “Madame Deficit”
Marie Antionette
Meeting of the estates in which the Third Estate could always be outvoted by the other two
Estates-General
Pledge by Third Estate delegates not to end meeting until a new constitution was written
Tennis Court Oath
Establishment of National Assembly in 1789 meant the end of this in France
Absolute Monarchy
The storming of this Paris Prison marks the symbolic start of the French Rev.
The Bastille
Slogan of the French Rev. (In English)
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
The wave of senseless panic and destruction that spread through the French countryside
Great Fear
The women of Paris marched on Versailles to protest the price of this
Bread
Statement of revolutionary ideals adopted by the National Assembly, gave French people many rights, Similar to U.S. Bill of Rights
Declaration of the Rights of Man
In the new Legislative Assembly, this faction sat on the -left- on the political spectrum
Radicals
In the new Legislative Assembly, this faction sat in the -middle- on the political spectrum
Moderates
In the new Legislative Assembly, this faction sat on the -right- on the political spectrum
Conservatives
The type of gov. radicals wanted
Republic
France declared war on this neighboring state in 1792 after it threatened to restore Louis XVI to the throne
Austria
Leader who ruled France as a dictator and instilled the Reign of Terror
Maximilien Robespierre
No longer king, ___ was ___ on Jan 21st, 1973
Louis XVI, executed
The “national razor”
Guillotine
Time period when Robespierre ruled France, when thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens were executed
Reign of Terror
Executed as a traitor in 1793 for plotting against France with her brother, emperor of Austria
Marie Antionette
The Reign of Terror ended with the execution of ___, the man that started the time period
Robespierre
Final stage of the French Rev. began with the creation of a new gov. led by this new executive body
The Directory
The Directory would be overthrown in a ___ by Napoleon in 1799
coup d’etat
Perhaps Napoleon’s greatest achievement was this more uniform and just system of laws
Napoleonic Code
In 1804, Napoleon crowned himself ___
emperor
Between 1801 - 1812, Napoleon’s armies brought most of this continent under his control
Europe
The rulers of -these three countries- were forced to sign peace treaties with France
Prussia, Austria, Russia
Napoleon’s ___ was the largest in Europe since Roman times
empire
Napoleon’s only major defeat during this period was this naval battle off the coast of Spain
Trafalgar
In the Battle of Trafalgar, the French fleet was defeated by the naval forces of this country
Britain
The defeat of the French navy caused Napoleon to give up his plans on invading this country
Britain
This attempt to keep Britain from trading with the rest of Europe was Napoleon’s first costly mistake
Continental System
In response to France’s ___, Britain responded with a stronger + more efficient one of its own
blockade
Napoleon’s second costly mistake was to send his armies through Spain in an attempt to invade this country
Portugal
Napoleon’s second costly mistake sparked ___ feelings in Spain and a 5 year war between France and Spanish ___
nationalist, guerrillas
The name of the war that was Napoleon’s second costly mistake
Peninsular War
Napoleon’s invasion of this country in 1812 was his third costly mistake
Russia
The strategy used by the retreating Russian armies
Scorched-earth policy
At the start of Napoleon’s invasion of Russia, he started with 400,000 soldiers. He came out with ___
10,000
Napoleon’s army was crushed at this battle
Battle of Leipzig
Napoleon had to give up his throne and was exiled to the island of ___
Elba
In 1815, Napoleon escaped from his exile, returned to France, and ruled as emperor for ___ days
100
Napoleon’s final defeat came on this Belgian battlefield in 1815
Waterloo
Napoleon was exiled again to this island in the South Atlantic, he died there 6 years later in 1821
St. Helena
Napoleon’s conquests aroused ___ feelings across Europe
nationalist
Foreign minister of Austria in charge of the Congress of Vienna
Klemens von Metternich
The Congress of Vienna tried to restore this between Europe’s major powers
balance of power
The country that was forced to give up conquered territory and pay reparations, but was left intact and not harshly punished after Congress of Vienna
France
In short, the Congress of Vienna was an attempt by conservatives to undo this event
French Revolution
This policy was used to restore the rightful families to the Thrones of Europe after the Congress of Vienna
legitimacy
