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Modern World History > Nationalism and Industrial Revolution Vocabulary > Flashcards

Nationalism and Industrial Revolution Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Toussaint L’Ouverture

A

-Was a skilled general
-Previously enslaved African leader of the slave revolt against their French masters
-Won the revolt, took control of whole island and freed all enslaved Africans
-Was accused of planning another uprising so was then enslaved by French army of 30,000 and sent to French prison where he died April 1803

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2
Q

Peninsularies

A

-Were Spain-born people at the top of Spanish-American society
-Formed less than 1% of population
-Only ones who could hold high office in Spanish Colonial gov.

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3
Q

Creoles

A

-Spaniards born in Latin America
-Ranked lower than Peninsularies
-Could rise in armies/military but couldn’t hold high office in gov.

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4
Q

Simon Bolivar

A

-Brilliant Venezuelan creole general of the South American wars

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5
Q

Jose de San Martin

A

-Argentinian creole general of the South American wars

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6
Q

Conservatives

A

-Wealthy, property owners, nobility
-Were for protecting traditional monarchies of Europe

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7
Q

Liberals

A

-Mostly middle-class business leaders, merchants
-Wanted more power in the parliament but for only educated / landowners to vote

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8
Q

Radicals

A

-Favored drastic change
-Wanted to extend democracy to all
-Believed in practicing French Rev. & Enlightenment ideas
>”Liberty, Equality, Brotherhood”

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9
Q

Nationalism

A

-The belief that people’s greatest loyalty shouldn’t be to a king or empire, but to a nation of people whom which they share a common culture or history.

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10
Q

Nation-State

A

-The name a nation receives when it attains an independent gov.
-Defends the nation’s territory, way of life, and represents the nation to the rest of the world
-Bonds that create a nation state:
>Culture: a shared way of life (food, dress, behavior, etc.)
>History: a common past; common experiences
>Language: different dialects of one language; one dialect becomes “national language”
>Territory: a certain territory that belongs to the ethnic group; its land
>Nationality: belief in common ethnic ancestry that may / not be true
>Religion: a religion shared by all or most of the people

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11
Q

The Balkans

A

-The region of Europe including (today): Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, and former Yugoslavia
-All controlled by Ottoman Empire
-Important for future nationalistic revolutions

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12
Q

Giuseppe Garibaldi

A

-Bold, visionary Italian leader of a small group of French revolutionaries / rebels
-Focused on uniting Piedmont-Sardinia

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13
Q

King Victor Emmanuel II

A

-Sardinia’s king in 1852

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14
Q

Camillo de Cavour

A

-King Victor Emmanuel II’s prime minister
-Cunning statesman who tried to get control of Northern Italy for Sardinia’s benefit
-Provoked a few quick wars to gain Northern Italy
-Secretly helped nationalist rebels in Southern Italy

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15
Q

Red Shirts

A

-The nickname Giuseppe Garibaldi and his followers gained for always wearing red shirts when going into battle

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16
Q

Otto von Bismarck

A

-Conservative Junker, Wilhelm’s (German) prime minister, associated w/ realpolitik
-Would become one of the commanding figures of German history
-Ruled without consent of parliament and without a legal budget, went directly against constitution
-blood and iron

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17
Q

Realpolitik

A

-“The politics of reality”
-Describes tough-power politics with no room for idealism

18
Q

Seven Weeks War

A

-The conflict between Prussia and Austria in 1866 regarding border issues
-Prussia humiliated Austria and gained control of Northern Germany with the victory

19
Q

Franco-Prussian War

A

-French vs. Prussia
-Started by Bismarck accusing the French ambassador of insulting the Prussian king
-Prussia won w/ German coalition armies
-Distraction of the war allowed Bismarck to complete final stage of German Unification

20
Q

Wilhelm I

A

-Prussia’s king
-Crowned kaiser (emperor) after South Germany finally accepted Prussian leadership

21
Q

Romanticism

A

-Major movement in art and ideas that reflected deep interest in nature and thought of the individual

22
Q

Realism

A

-In literature and arts, showed life as it was, not as it should be

23
Q

Agricultural Revolution

A

-Rich landowners began buying farmers’ land and farming methods improved

24
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

-Greatly increased output of machine-made goods
-Began in England mid-1700s

25
Q

Enclosures

A

-Wealthy factory owners bought small farms, sent farmers to cities, and made these larger farm fields

26
Q

Crop Rotation

A

-Method used by farmers to improve crop efficiency
-Switching which crops are planted and when to use/restore nutrients

27
Q

Industrialization

A

-Process of developing machine production of goods

28
Q

Factors of Production

A

-The resources needed to produce goods / services that the Industrial Revolution required
-Land, labor, and capital (wealth)

29
Q

Factories

A

-Large buildings where machines worked
-Ran on waterpower, so they were frequently built near bodies of water

30
Q

Entrepreneur

A

-A person who organizes, manages, and takes on risks of a business

31
Q

Urbanization

A

-City building and movement of people to cities

32
Q

Middle-Class

A

-A social class of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and rich farmers

33
Q

Capitalism

A

-An economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and money is invested into business ventures to make a profit

34
Q

Utilitarianism

A

-Theory by Jeremy Bentham
-Stated that people should judge ideas, institutions, and actions based on how useful they are
-Also stated that gov. should only promote the best for its people

35
Q

Socialism

A

-An economic system in which factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all

36
Q

Karl Marx

A

-German journalist who introduced the world to Marxism, which was a radical type of socialism

37
Q

Communist Manifesto

A

-A manifesto written by Mark & Engels
-Argued that human societies have always been divided into warning classes (Rich, middle, poor)
>The rich controlled production while the poor struggled with hard labor
-Conflict arose bc of treatment difference

38
Q

Proletariat

A

-The “have-nots” of workers

39
Q

Communism

A

-A form of complete socialism in which the means of production would be owned by the people, no private property, everything is shared

40
Q

Collective Bargaining

A

-Negotiations between workers and their employees

41
Q

Strike

A

-Refusal to work

Modern World History (3 decks)

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