The French Regime: Population and Settlement

Question 1

From 1627-1663, the colony was run by the Company of a Hundred Associates, but they failed to settle the colony. When the King took over, the population was…

Answer 1

Small

Question 2

In the new Royal Government system, the intendant was responsible for what?

Answer 2

Settlement of the territory

Question 3

After taking a census of the colony, Jean Talon’s conclusion was NF needed a larger population. Why?

Answer 3

To defend NF and benefit from its resources

Question 4

What was Jean Talon’s first step to increase the population? (who were the engagés)

Answer 4

Colonists who agreed to work for a period of 3 years for an employer in the colony (farmers, merchants, religious orders)

Question 5

What happened to the engagés?

Answer 5

Half of them stayed in NF after their contracts expired and they were given land on a seigneury

Question 6

What was Jean Talon’s first step to increase the population? (who were the filles du roi)

Answer 6

Women and girls (orphans, widows) all under the age of 25 who emigrated to New Francer between 1663-1673

Question 7

Why were they called Filles du roi?

Answer 7

The King paid for all their transportation and settlement expenses

Question 8

Once in New France, the Filles du roi were expected to do what?

Answer 8

Marry a colonist and have a large family

Question 9

The Filles du roi led to…

Answer 9

Natural increase

Question 10

Who did the King encourage to immigrate to help Jean Talon’s first step to increase population?

Answer 10

Soldiers to settle in New France

Question 11

Why were these soldiers needed in New France?

Answer 11

1. Iroquois attacks had become more frequent

2. Governor asked King for more protection

Question 12

What happened to these soldiers after their tour was over?

Answer 12

They were offered land and many married Filles du roi

Question 13

What was Jean Talon’s second step to increase population and what did the king do?

Answer 13

King also offered financial incentives to encourage marriages and births

Question 14

What was an impact of settlement on the indigenous population?

Answer 14

1. It decreased rapidly due to contact with the Europeans which led to disease, conflict, and wars over the fur trade
2. Coureurs de bois often took native wives leading to the growth of the Métis population
3. Pushed off their land by French settlers
4. Nomadic groups began to sedentarize
5. Some people converted to Christianity and live with Europeans (domiciliés)

Question 15

What caused the territory to begin to expand?

Answer 15

Mercantilist policies of France

Question 16

Explain the mercantilist policies of France.

Answer 16

Goal of exploiting raw materials from the colony and sending them back to France to make the mother country rich, so more land was claimed for the fur trade

Question 17

Why was the Huron nation wiped out?

Answer 17

Wars with the Iroquois and disease

Question 18

What was a consequence to the Huron nation being wiped out and how did this lead to the expansion of New France’s territory?

Answer 18

Coureurs de bois replaced the Hurons as middlemen in the fur trade and therefore they would venture further afield to find new sources of fur

Question 19

What was created as another method to increase the population by attracting people to New France?

Answer 19

Seigneurial system

SEIGNEURIES WERE GRANTED BY JEAN TALON

Question 20

Who would be granted a seigneury?

Answer 20

Aristocracy, bourgeoisie, army officers, the Church