The English Regime: Power

Question 1

France and Britain were already rivals in Europe by the 18th Century. This power struggle spilled over into North America during which war?

Answer 1

The 7 years wars

Question 2

Where would France and Britain fight?

Answer 2

In their colonies

Question 3

What are some major events that happened during the first half of the 18th Century?

Answer 3

1. 1759=Battle on the plains of Abraham=>Quebec City falls to the British
2. 1760=Surrender of Montreal=>3 years of military rule

Question 4

What is the outcome to the 7 years war?

Answer 4

The British win and the Treaty of Paris is signed in 1763. France gives up all their territory except for the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon

Question 5

With the Treaty of Paris, New France officially becomes a British colony (this is the Conquest). How does the colony change?

Answer 5

1. Most habitants stay in the colony
2. French authorities, elites, and merchants leave
3. British merchants move into the colony
4. The government is now the British governement

Question 6

Who is the official power now, after the signing of the Treaty of Paris?

Answer 6

The British government

Question 7

New France becomes The ___ __ ____ because of the Royal Proclamation established in ___.

Answer 7

Province of Quebec

1763

Question 8

What was the goal of the Royal Proclamation?

Answer 8

To assimilate and anglicize the French

Question 9

What change did the Royal Proclamation bring in the political organization structure?

Answer 9

There was no longer an intendant

Question 10

Why did Governor Murray soon give up on assimilation?

Answer 10

1. French are too numerous

2. Doesn’t want to alienate them

Question 11

Reaction to Governor Murray’s decision: British merchants were upset. What did they do?

Answer 11

Petition to have Gov. Murray recalled and they succeed (shows their power)

Question 12

Who replaces Gov. Murray and what does he do?

Answer 12

Gov. Carleton and he also ignores the Royal Proclamation’s goal

Question 13

Due to Gov. Carleton’s insistence that assimilation wont work and the threat of the 13 colonies’ revolt, what changes in the British government?

Answer 13

Change official policy (to maintain loyalty of the Canadiens) => Britain gives up on assimilation and introduces the Quebec Act

Question 14

Why is the Quebec Act created?

Answer 14

Britain is already fearing that the 13 colonies will revolt, and they don’t want the Canadiens to do the same so they create this act for them

Question 15

What does the Quebec Act do/change?

Answer 15

1. Protect French language and Catholic rights
2. Allows Province of Quebec to keep French civil law
3. Allows French Canadiens to take part in government by removing Test Act (which was imposed during the RP, and prevents Catholics from serving on Governor’s council)

Question 16

What is the reaction of the British merchants due to the Quebec Act?

Answer 16

They are angry. Want to end concessions for French Canadiens. Voice their opinions in newspapers.

Question 17

During the Quebec Act, what does the Church do for the State?

Answer 17

Encourages habitants to accept British authorities

Question 18

During the Quebec Act, what does the King do for the Church?

Answer 18

Allows them to collect tithes and impose new bishop

Question 19

Why and when is the Constitutional Act created?

Answer 19

In 1791, after the American Revolution, the Loyalists arrive in Canada demanding a say in government and Britain listens.

Question 20

How does the Constitutional Act change in territory the Province of Quebec?

Answer 20

Quebec is divided into Upper and Lower Canada

Question 21

What changes in the political structure of Lower Canada during the CA?

Answer 21

There is now an elected assembly (legislative assembly)

Question 22

Why did the CA only have limited democracy?

Answer 22

Governor and legislative council had veto, governor could dismiss the assembly, divide emerges between French Assembly and English legislative/executive councils

Question 23

During the 1820s the Patriotes were fed up with the CA’s limited democracy. What did they do?

Answer 23

Adopt the 92 Resolutions (asking for responsible gov.) and refuse to pass the budget so nothing will get done

Question 24

What is the government’s reaction to the Patriotes discontent?

Answer 24

1. Governors dismissed assembly
2. Banned Patriotes newspaper
3. Reject 92 Resolution

Question 25

How do the Patriotes react to the government’s rejection?

Answer 25

1. Make an alliance with the Reformers
2. Ask pop. to boycott British products
3. Organize public assemblies

Question 26

What is the government’s response to the Patriotes?

Answer 26

1. Outlaws public assemblies

2. Orders arrest of Papineau and Patriote leaders

Question 27

What happens to the Patriotes during the rebellions of 1837-38

Answer 27

They lose quickly

Question 28

Why did the Patriotes lose?

Answer 28

1. They were outnumbered/outmatched
2. British were determined
3. Catholic Church pushed habitants to remain loyal to British

Question 29

After the Rebellions, Lord Durhan is sent to write a report a solution to the Rebellions. What were his recommendations?

Answer 29

1. A joint legislative assembly

2. Responsible government

Question 30

Why and when is the Act of Union installed?

Answer 30

In 1840, because it was a solution to the Rebellions. Now the French will be outnumbered in the Assembly and will lose power.

Question 31

What changes in territory during the Act of Union?

Answer 31

Canada East and West=> United Canada

Question 32

What changes during the AOU politically?

Answer 32

People(propose law)=>English+French(write law)=>Exec. Council(review law)=> Governor(accept law)=>Leg. Council (pass law)

Question 33

What do Robert Baldwin and Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine do to give more power to Canada?

Answer 33

1. Both Reformers in the Assembly

2. Form a “binational” paty that appeals to both English and French voters

Question 34

What happens in 1848?

Answer 34

Responsible government is granted. Power is now with elected officials

Question 35

What does the Rebellion losses bill grant?

Answer 35

Compensation to anyone who lost property in the Rebellions of 1837-8

Question 36

What happened to the First Occupants when the British took over?

Answer 36

1. Used to leverage conflict between European power
2. British not as generous as French
3. Chief Pontiac convinces Natives to rebel

Question 37

What is the result to the Natives’ rebellion?

Answer 37

Britain gives Indian territory to 1rst Occupants

Question 38

How do the British address the question of the Native pop. later on?

Answer 38

1. Assimilation policy starts in 1830

2. Creation of first reserves