The English Regime: Population

Question 1

1. Who left after the Royal Proclamation was established?

2. Who stayed?

Answer 1

1. Richer French population (administrators, officers, traders, seigneurs)
2. Canadiens (people who didn’t have the money to leave)

Question 2

1. At first, were there large or little amounts of British immigration to the colony?
2. Who did immigrate?

Answer 2

1. Little

2. British elite/bourgeois class (colonial administrators, military officers, merchants)

Question 3

Why did the migration to the colony increase in 1783?

Answer 3

Due to the arrival of the Loyalists

Question 4

Why did the Loyalists migrate?

Answer 4

Wanted to continue living under British crown and feared the revenge from the “new Americans”

Question 5

Where, and how many, Loyalists settled in what is now Canada?

Answer 5

They settled in Upper Canada. 7,000 before 1791, 15,000 between 1791 and 1812.

Question 6

What were the territorial consequences of the Loyalists’ settlement?

Answer 6

1. Townships
2. Protestant churches
3. Introduction of English schools

Question 7

What was the Loyalists’ demographic impact?

Answer 7

They were the first English speaking population in Quebec, making the English population increase to 10%.

Question 8

What did the Loyalists demand?

Answer 8

Language rights and a legislative assembly

Question 9

1. Characteristics of Upper Canada.

2. Characteristics of Lower Canada.

Answer 9

1. Primarily Anglophone, Protestant, Townships

2. Primarily Francophone, Catholic, Seigneurial system will remain (new land=>township system)

Question 10

In 1791 the population continued to grow. Who was the majority? Who was the minority?

Answer 10

Majority Canadien

Minority British

Question 11

1. What was the main growth factor for Lower Canada?

2. What was the main growth for Upper Canada?

Answer 11

1. Natural growth (bc Catholic)

2. Immigration (from 13 colonies)

Question 12

Why did the Irish immigrate to Canada?

Answer 12

1. Potato famine during the 1840s

2. Many come to Canada bc there are jobs and land available

Question 13

1. What were the ships transporting the Irish known as?
2. Where did disease ships stop?
3. Why were the Irish blamed for spread of disease?

Answer 13

1. Coffin ships
2. Grosse Ile (Quarantine station in St. Lawrence)
3. Despite the establishment of Grosse Ile, epidemic raged in Lower Canada

Question 14

What problems emerged in Lower Canada mid 19th century?

Answer 14

1. Increase in pop.
2. Poor harvests
3. Diminishing access to farmland

Question 15

What is a solution to these problems?

Answer 15

Emigration to USA

Question 16

Why are there more job prospects in New England factories?

Answer 16

Industrial revolution

Question 17

Where and why did these emigraters settle?

Answer 17

In Maine, Massachusetts, Vermont, Connecticut. To find work in US factories (better pay). In search of better living conditions

Question 18

What made emigration possible?

Answer 18

Construction of canals and railway network

Question 19

What was the result of the emigration?

Answer 19

1. 1 million ppl from Quebec emigrated between 1840-1940

2. Pop. growth declines

Question 20

1. Why do some French Canadiens move to cities?

2. Where did they move if the didn’t want to go to cities or the USA?

Answer 20

1. To escape overpopulation on seigneuries

2. New regions during 19th Century (Mauricie)

Question 21

Ppl are still emigration during the 19th century so what does QC do?

Answer 21

Introduces new ares of colonization (Mauricie, Laurentians, Saguenay)

Question 22

What were the effects of migration on society?

Answer 22

1. Francophone majority, but growing Anglophone minority in LC
2. Montreal has Anglophone majority
3. Canada West=larger pop. than Canada East

Question 23

What were the effects of migration on territory?

Answer 23

1. Construction of protestant churches and english schools
2. townships
3. creation of UC and LC
4. settlement of new areas

Question 24

What were the effects of migration on Aboriginals?

Answer 24

1. Shrinking of huthing and fishing territory
2. Amerindian pop. in St. Lawrence is ~5000
3. Acculturation