The Foot (second half) Flashcards
what are the 6 posterior muscles of the foot
- gastroc
- soleus
- tibialis posterior
- flexor digitorum longus
- flexor hallucis longus
- plantaris
3 actions that the posterior muscles perform
- plantarflexion
- flexion of MTP or IP
- or supination of subtalar
what nerve innervates the plantaris
tibial nerve
what nerve innervates the soleus
tibial nerve
how do you stretch the soleus without the gastroc
flex the knee and dorsiflex
what 3 muscles are the triceps surae
–> whats there main function
gastroc, soleus, and plantaris
–> plantar flexion (they have the best leverage for it)
important postural muscle , contracting at the ‘stand at ease’ position (control of postural sway)
soleus
what is the differences in soleus and gastroc muscle fiber types
soleus high proportion of fatigue resistant type 1 fibers and gastroc is predominant fast twitch fibers
where do the 3 tom dick and harry muscles lie? what do they do? and what are they?
- posterior to the medial malleolus
- plantar flexion and inversion
- tibialis posterior
- flexor digitorum longus
- flexor hallicus longus
what nerve innervates the tibialis posterior, the flexor digitorum longus and the flexor hallucis longus
tibial nerve
what are is the tibialis posterior, the flexor digitorum longus and the flexor hallucis longus important for ?
important in close chain motions of walking running and standing on the toes b/c they contract to support the longitudinal arch and to apply force on the ground in the push off phase of walking
what muscles make up the lateral compartment
- fibularis (peroneus) longus
- fibularis (peroneus) brevis
what nerve innervates the fibularis (peroneus) longus
superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve
what nerve innervates the fibularis (peroneus) brevis
superficial fibular nerve
what muscles make up the anterior compartment
tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
what nerve innervates the anterior compartment
deep fibular (branch from common peroneal)
what is the primary dorsiflexor of the foot
the tibialis anterior
the extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus extend what first? and what does this mean?
they extend the toes first, so they are less effective at dorsiflexion of the ankle (they are int he shortened position)
weakness and paralysis of what muscles results in drop foot during the swing phase of walking and requires excess hip and knee flexion to keep from tripping or dragging the toes on the floor
anterior compartment
– tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
the intrinsic muscles of the foot can perform _________, _______, and _______ of the toes, but their major functions are (3)
- abduction, adduction, flexion
- supporting the arches in walking and running
- supplementing the force of the long toe flexors
- maintaining the toes (IP joints) in the extension for the forceful pull of the flexors (MTP joint lumbricals) at push off
what are the 3 arches of the foot
medial longitudinal
lateral longitudinal
transverse
the ability of the foot to maintain arches as well as change form a flexible to rigid structure within a single step depends on: (3)
- bony structure of the 3 arches
- static ligament- fascial support
- dynamic muscle contraction
(it becomes rigid when we push off)
where does the medial longitudinal arch run?
calcaneus tuberosity, rises to the talus, descends through the navicular, the 3 CF’s and the heads of the ‘s 1-3.
what arch is more elastic and higher
medial longitudinal