Terminology Flashcards
terminology of body positions:
- Crook Ly?
- Bridge?
- Side ly?
- lying face up on back with knees bents
- lying on back with knees bent and lifted butt up
- lying on side with knees bent
Study of motion or movement without regard for the forces
kinematics
The study of forces acting on a system
kinetics
kinematics measures?
- type of motion
- direction of motion
- quantity of motion
movement i said to occur in planes if?
it is actually along that plane or parallel to it
movement in a plane occurs about an axis of rotation that is
perpendicular to it
- medial- lateral or transverse plane
- superior-inferior, vertical or longitudinal
- anterior-posterior
x, y, z
shoulder abduction and adduction are in what plane and axis?
frontal plane around the Z axis
pronation and supination in anatomical position is in what plane and axis
around the Y axis, transverse plane
dorsiflexion of ankle
sagittal plane around the X axis
Study of movement of a bone in space without regard to the effects at the joint
osteokinematics
3 types od osteokinematic motion
- swing-angluar
- spin
- translatory
3 characteristics of swing- angular motion
- motion occurs around a fixed or relatively fixed axis
- all point of the bone follow the arc of the circle
- speed of distal points > speed at proximal point
The bone rotates about a longitudinal axis through the bone
spin
All parts move in the same direction with equal velocity
translatory motion
- Open chains are highly? and result in what being compromised for what?
- They are used for what movements?
- Are they faster or slower than closed chains
- the distal segment?
- variable, stability compromised for mobility
- skilled extremity movements
- faster
- moves in space
- closed chains, movement of one segments requires?
- distal segments are? and proximal segments?
- what is compromised for what?
- all the segments to move
- fixed, move
- mobility is compromised for power and stability
Study of movement at a joint that accompanies physiological movements without regard to the movement of the bone or the forces producing that movement
arthrokinematics
in arthrokinematics accessory motions occur with?
ALL active and passive motion
arthrokinematics allows for?
full range of motion of a joint
what determines the movement permitted between bones
the shape of articulating joint structures
what is arthrology
classification, structure and function of joints
3 functional classifications (based on ROM permitted)
- synarthrosis (no movement) (fibrous, cartilage, bony fusion)
- amphiarthrosis (little movement) (fibrous, cartilage)
- diarthosis (full movement) (synovial)
3 structural classifications (based on tissue connecting bones)
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
- synovial
modified hinge / bicondylar joints are formed by what surfaces?
- 2 convex condyles
- 2 concave reciprocal surfaces
joint surfaces of condyloid joint
projection of one bone fits into the oval depression of another bone
in a saddle joint, both articulating surfaces have?
a concave and a convex shape sitting perpendicular to each other
3 arthrokinematic motions
- rolling
- sliding/gliding
- spinning
how many DOF are required for circumduction
2 needed, 3 makes more smooth
most joint motion is?
a combo of all 3 types: roll, glide, spin
series of points of one bony surface come in contact with series of points on other bony surface
roll
one bony point comes in contact with series of points on another
glide
one surface rotates clockwise or counterclockwise around a stationary longitudinal axis
spin
concave moving on convex?
roll and glide in the SAME direction
- concave surface will glide in same direction as the osteokinematic movement of the bone segment
convex moving on concave ?
roll and glide are in OPPOSITE directions
-convex surface glides in opposite direction to the osteokinematic movement
arthrokinematic roll always?
occurs in the same direction as the osteokinematic movement of the bony movement regardless of whether the joint surface is convex or concave in shape
Passive capsuloligamentous restraints act not only to restrict movement but also to?
reverse articular movements at the end range of motion
joint ROM comes from both?
osteokinematic and arthrokinematic motion
normal passive range of motion can be limited by? (4)
- joint capsule
- ligaments
- passive muscle tension
- contact of bony or soft tissue surfaces
the limiting structure in ROM will translate to a characteristic?
end feel
if ROM is decreased it could be due to (6)
- soft tissue shortening
- swelling
- loose body
- fracture (early spasm)
- spasm (late spasm)
- empty (they have to stop it)
Soft tissue edema, Synovitis
example of what type of abnormal end feel
soft (boggy/spongy feel)
Capsular, muscular, or ligamentous shortening
- example of what abnormal end feel?
firm
Loose bodies in joint Myositis ossificans, Fracture
- example of what abnormal end feel
hard: a bony grating or bony block is felt
Torn meniscus, loose body
- example of what abnormal end feel
-springy block (intra articular block) occurs sooner or at normal end range
Acute joint inflammation Bursitis, Abscess Fracture Psychogenic disorder
- example of what abnormal end feel
empty, pain make them stop you
if a spasm is accompanied by pain it is usually what injury? if no pain it suggest?
fracture, UMNL
Any Normal End-Feel that occurs sooner or later in the ROM than is usual, or in a joint that it does not normally occur
abnormal end feel
closed packed joint positions:
- maximal area of surface contacts occurs, surfaces most congruent
- often occur?
- ligaments and capsule are?
- surfaces mechanically compressed and difficult to?
- important for?
- at end of ROM
- taut
- difficult to distract
- joint lubrication and nutrition
loose packed joint positions:
- ligaments and capsule are?
- surfaces not congruent
- joints ?
- lax,
- in loose packed
resting joint position:
- optimal position to feel?
- position of least?
- greatest?
- optimal resting postion for ?
- accessory glides
- congruency
- joint space
- acutely inflammed joints (will naturally go into this position)
why is it important to go in and out of loose and closed packed positions? (loading an unloading of the joints)
- so the joint can get nutrition from synovial fluid
