Terminology

Question 1

terminology of body positions:

• Crook Ly?
• Bridge?
• Side ly?

Answer 1

• lying face up on back with knees bents
• lying on back with knees bent and lifted butt up
• lying on side with knees bent

Question 2

Study of motion or movement without regard for the forces

Answer 2

kinematics

Question 3

The study of forces acting on a system

Answer 3

kinetics

Question 4

kinematics measures?

Answer 4

1. type of motion
2. direction of motion
3. quantity of motion

Question 5

movement i said to occur in planes if?

Answer 5

it is actually along that plane or parallel to it

Question 6

movement in a plane occurs about an axis of rotation that is

Answer 6

perpendicular to it

Question 7

• medial- lateral or transverse plane
• superior-inferior, vertical or longitudinal
• anterior-posterior

Answer 7

x, y, z

Question 8

shoulder abduction and adduction are in what plane and axis?

Answer 8

frontal plane around the Z axis

Question 9

pronation and supination in anatomical position is in what plane and axis

Answer 9

around the Y axis, transverse plane

Question 10

dorsiflexion of ankle

Answer 10

sagittal plane around the X axis

Question 11

Study of movement of a bone in space without regard to the effects at the joint

Answer 11

osteokinematics

Question 12

3 types od osteokinematic motion

Answer 12

1. swing-angluar
2. spin
3. translatory

Question 13

3 characteristics of swing- angular motion

Answer 13

• motion occurs around a fixed or relatively fixed axis
• all point of the bone follow the arc of the circle
• speed of distal points > speed at proximal point

Question 14

The bone rotates about a longitudinal axis through the bone

Answer 14

spin

Question 15

All parts move in the same direction with equal velocity

Answer 15

translatory motion

Question 16

• Open chains are highly? and result in what being compromised for what?
• They are used for what movements?
• Are they faster or slower than closed chains
• the distal segment?

Answer 16

• variable, stability compromised for mobility
• skilled extremity movements
• faster
• moves in space

Question 17

• closed chains, movement of one segments requires?
• distal segments are? and proximal segments?
• what is compromised for what?

Answer 17

• all the segments to move
• fixed, move
• mobility is compromised for power and stability

Question 18

Study of movement at a joint that accompanies physiological movements without regard to the movement of the bone or the forces producing that movement

Answer 18

arthrokinematics

Question 19

in arthrokinematics accessory motions occur with?

Answer 19

ALL active and passive motion

Question 20

arthrokinematics allows for?

Answer 20

full range of motion of a joint

Question 21

what determines the movement permitted between bones

Answer 21

the shape of articulating joint structures

Question 22

what is arthrology

Answer 22

classification, structure and function of joints

Question 23

3 functional classifications (based on ROM permitted)

Answer 23

1. synarthrosis (no movement) (fibrous, cartilage, bony fusion)
2. amphiarthrosis (little movement) (fibrous, cartilage)
3. diarthosis (full movement) (synovial)

Question 24

3 structural classifications (based on tissue connecting bones)

Answer 24

1. fibrous
2. cartilaginous
3. synovial

Question 25

modified hinge / bicondylar joints are formed by what surfaces?

Answer 25

- 2 convex condyles | - 2 concave reciprocal surfaces

Question 26

joint surfaces of condyloid joint

Answer 26

projection of one bone fits into the oval depression of another bone

Question 27

in a saddle joint, both articulating surfaces have?

Answer 27

a concave and a convex shape sitting perpendicular to each other

Question 28

3 arthrokinematic motions

Answer 28

1. rolling 2. sliding/gliding 3. spinning

Question 29

how many DOF are required for circumduction

Answer 29

2 needed, 3 makes more smooth

Question 30

most joint motion is?

Answer 30

a combo of all 3 types: roll, glide, spin

Question 31

series of points of one bony surface come in contact with series of points on other bony surface

Answer 31

roll

Question 32

one bony point comes in contact with series of points on another

Answer 32

glide

Question 33

one surface rotates clockwise or counterclockwise around a stationary longitudinal axis

Answer 33

spin

Question 34

concave moving on convex?

Answer 34

roll and glide in the SAME direction | - concave surface will glide in same direction as the osteokinematic movement of the bone segment

Question 35

convex moving on concave ?

Answer 35

roll and glide are in OPPOSITE directions | -convex surface glides in opposite direction to the osteokinematic movement

Question 36

arthrokinematic roll always?

Answer 36

occurs in the same direction as the osteokinematic movement of the bony movement regardless of whether the joint surface is convex or concave in shape

Question 37

Passive capsuloligamentous restraints act not only to restrict movement but also to?

Answer 37

reverse articular movements at the end range of motion

Question 38

joint ROM comes from both?

Answer 38

osteokinematic and arthrokinematic motion

Question 39

normal passive range of motion can be limited by? (4)

Answer 39

1. joint capsule 2. ligaments 3. passive muscle tension 4. contact of bony or soft tissue surfaces

Question 40

the limiting structure in ROM will translate to a characteristic?

Answer 40

end feel

Question 41

if ROM is decreased it could be due to (6)

Answer 41

1. soft tissue shortening 2. swelling 3. loose body 4. fracture (early spasm) 5. spasm (late spasm) 6. empty (they have to stop it)

Question 42

Soft tissue edema, Synovitis | example of what type of abnormal end feel

Answer 42

soft (boggy/spongy feel)

Question 43

Capsular, muscular, or ligamentous shortening | - example of what abnormal end feel?

Answer 43

firm

Question 44

Loose bodies in joint Myositis ossificans, Fracture | - example of what abnormal end feel

Answer 44

hard: a bony grating or bony block is felt

Question 45

Torn meniscus, loose body | - example of what abnormal end feel

Answer 45

-springy block (intra articular block) occurs sooner or at normal end range

Question 46

Acute joint inflammation Bursitis, Abscess Fracture Psychogenic disorder - example of what abnormal end feel

Answer 46

empty, pain make them stop you

Question 47

if a spasm is accompanied by pain it is usually what injury? if no pain it suggest?

Answer 47

fracture, UMNL

Question 48

Any Normal End-Feel that occurs sooner or later in the ROM than is usual, or in a joint that it does not normally occur

Answer 48

abnormal end feel

Question 49

closed packed joint positions: - maximal area of surface contacts occurs, surfaces most congruent - often occur? - ligaments and capsule are? - surfaces mechanically compressed and difficult to? - important for?

Answer 49

- at end of ROM - taut - difficult to distract - joint lubrication and nutrition

Question 50

loose packed joint positions: - ligaments and capsule are? - surfaces not congruent - joints ?

Answer 50

- lax, | - in loose packed

Question 51

resting joint position: - optimal position to feel? - position of least? - greatest? - optimal resting postion for ?

Answer 51

- accessory glides - congruency - joint space - acutely inflammed joints (will naturally go into this position)

Question 52

why is it important to go in and out of loose and closed packed positions? (loading an unloading of the joints)

Answer 52

- so the joint can get nutrition from synovial fluid