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EPHE 355 > Terminology > Flashcards

Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

terminology of body positions:

  • Crook Ly?
  • Bridge?
  • Side ly?
A
  • lying face up on back with knees bents
  • lying on back with knees bent and lifted butt up
  • lying on side with knees bent
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2
Q

Study of motion or movement without regard for the forces

A

kinematics

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3
Q

The study of forces acting on a system

A

kinetics

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4
Q

kinematics measures?

A
  1. type of motion
  2. direction of motion
  3. quantity of motion
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5
Q

movement i said to occur in planes if?

A

it is actually along that plane or parallel to it

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6
Q

movement in a plane occurs about an axis of rotation that is

A

perpendicular to it

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7
Q
  • medial- lateral or transverse plane
  • superior-inferior, vertical or longitudinal
  • anterior-posterior
A

x, y, z

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8
Q

shoulder abduction and adduction are in what plane and axis?

A

frontal plane around the Z axis

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9
Q

pronation and supination in anatomical position is in what plane and axis

A

around the Y axis, transverse plane

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10
Q

dorsiflexion of ankle

A

sagittal plane around the X axis

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11
Q

Study of movement of a bone in space without regard to the effects at the joint

A

osteokinematics

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12
Q

3 types od osteokinematic motion

A
  1. swing-angluar
  2. spin
  3. translatory
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13
Q

3 characteristics of swing- angular motion

A
  • motion occurs around a fixed or relatively fixed axis
  • all point of the bone follow the arc of the circle
  • speed of distal points > speed at proximal point
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14
Q

The bone rotates about a longitudinal axis through the bone

A

spin

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15
Q

All parts move in the same direction with equal velocity

A

translatory motion

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16
Q
  • Open chains are highly? and result in what being compromised for what?
  • They are used for what movements?
  • Are they faster or slower than closed chains
  • the distal segment?
A
  • variable, stability compromised for mobility
  • skilled extremity movements
  • faster
  • moves in space
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17
Q
  • closed chains, movement of one segments requires?
  • distal segments are? and proximal segments?
  • what is compromised for what?
A
  • all the segments to move
  • fixed, move
  • mobility is compromised for power and stability
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18
Q

Study of movement at a joint that accompanies physiological movements without regard to the movement of the bone or the forces producing that movement

A

arthrokinematics

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19
Q

in arthrokinematics accessory motions occur with?

A

ALL active and passive motion

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20
Q

arthrokinematics allows for?

A

full range of motion of a joint

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21
Q

what determines the movement permitted between bones

A

the shape of articulating joint structures

22
Q

what is arthrology

A

classification, structure and function of joints

23
Q

3 functional classifications (based on ROM permitted)

A
  1. synarthrosis (no movement) (fibrous, cartilage, bony fusion)
  2. amphiarthrosis (little movement) (fibrous, cartilage)
  3. diarthosis (full movement) (synovial)
24
Q

3 structural classifications (based on tissue connecting bones)

A
  1. fibrous
  2. cartilaginous
  3. synovial
25
Q

modified hinge / bicondylar joints are formed by what surfaces?

A
  • 2 convex condyles

- 2 concave reciprocal surfaces

26
Q

joint surfaces of condyloid joint

A

projection of one bone fits into the oval depression of another bone

27
Q

in a saddle joint, both articulating surfaces have?

A

a concave and a convex shape sitting perpendicular to each other

28
Q

3 arthrokinematic motions

A
  1. rolling
  2. sliding/gliding
  3. spinning
29
Q

how many DOF are required for circumduction

A

2 needed, 3 makes more smooth

30
Q

most joint motion is?

A

a combo of all 3 types: roll, glide, spin

31
Q

series of points of one bony surface come in contact with series of points on other bony surface

A

roll

32
Q

one bony point comes in contact with series of points on another

A

glide

33
Q

one surface rotates clockwise or counterclockwise around a stationary longitudinal axis

A

spin

34
Q

concave moving on convex?

A

roll and glide in the SAME direction

- concave surface will glide in same direction as the osteokinematic movement of the bone segment

35
Q

convex moving on concave ?

A

roll and glide are in OPPOSITE directions

-convex surface glides in opposite direction to the osteokinematic movement

36
Q

arthrokinematic roll always?

A

occurs in the same direction as the osteokinematic movement of the bony movement regardless of whether the joint surface is convex or concave in shape

37
Q

Passive capsuloligamentous restraints act not only to restrict movement but also to?

A

reverse articular movements at the end range of motion

38
Q

joint ROM comes from both?

A

osteokinematic and arthrokinematic motion

39
Q

normal passive range of motion can be limited by? (4)

A
  1. joint capsule
  2. ligaments
  3. passive muscle tension
  4. contact of bony or soft tissue surfaces
40
Q

the limiting structure in ROM will translate to a characteristic?

A

end feel

41
Q

if ROM is decreased it could be due to (6)

A
  1. soft tissue shortening
  2. swelling
  3. loose body
  4. fracture (early spasm)
  5. spasm (late spasm)
  6. empty (they have to stop it)
42
Q

Soft tissue edema, Synovitis

example of what type of abnormal end feel

A

soft (boggy/spongy feel)

43
Q

Capsular, muscular, or ligamentous shortening

- example of what abnormal end feel?

A

firm

44
Q

Loose bodies in joint Myositis ossificans, Fracture

- example of what abnormal end feel

A

hard: a bony grating or bony block is felt

45
Q

Torn meniscus, loose body

- example of what abnormal end feel

A

-springy block (intra articular block) occurs sooner or at normal end range

46
Q

Acute joint inflammation Bursitis, Abscess Fracture Psychogenic disorder
- example of what abnormal end feel

A

empty, pain make them stop you

47
Q

if a spasm is accompanied by pain it is usually what injury? if no pain it suggest?

A

fracture, UMNL

48
Q

Any Normal End-Feel that occurs sooner or later in the ROM than is usual, or in a joint that it does not normally occur

A

abnormal end feel

49
Q

closed packed joint positions:

  • maximal area of surface contacts occurs, surfaces most congruent
  • often occur?
  • ligaments and capsule are?
  • surfaces mechanically compressed and difficult to?
  • important for?
A
  • at end of ROM
  • taut
  • difficult to distract
  • joint lubrication and nutrition
50
Q

loose packed joint positions:

  • ligaments and capsule are?
  • surfaces not congruent
  • joints ?
A
  • lax,

- in loose packed

51
Q

resting joint position:

  • optimal position to feel?
  • position of least?
  • greatest?
  • optimal resting postion for ?
A
  • accessory glides
  • congruency
  • joint space
  • acutely inflammed joints (will naturally go into this position)
52
Q

why is it important to go in and out of loose and closed packed positions? (loading an unloading of the joints)

A
  • so the joint can get nutrition from synovial fluid

EPHE 355 (5 decks)

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