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EPHE 355 > ELBOW > Flashcards

ELBOW Flashcards

1
Q

3 synovial joints within the synovial joint capsule

A

humeroulnar
humeralradial
proximal radioulnar

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2
Q

the elbow responds ____ to trauma and improper ____ and injury to on part does what?

A
  • poorly
  • treatment
  • affects the other parts as well
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3
Q

the medial condyles and epicondyles are common origin of?

the lateral condyles and epicondyles are common origin of?

A
  • flexor tendon

- extensor tendon

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4
Q

3 fossae of the elbow joint

A

coronoid, radial and olecranon

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5
Q

osteokinematics of the radius and ulna on the humerus

A

swing

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6
Q

flexion of the humeroulnar joint is limited by (2)

- and it requires sufficient length of ? (4)

A
  • coronoid process abutting coronoid fossa OR by soft tissue approx
    1. posterior capsule
    2. posterior fibers of UCL
    3. ulnar nerve
    4. elbow extensors
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7
Q

extension of humeroulnar joint is limited by?

- and it requires sufficient length of? (3)

A
  • olecranon process abutting olecranon fossa
    1. anterior capsule
    2. anterior fibers of UCL
    3. elbow flexors
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8
Q

what is the cubital angle a measure of?
ad what is it on average?
why does this happen?

A

carrying angle

  • when in anatomical potion the forearm deviates laterally in relation to the humerus
  • -> 15 degrees
  • -> greater in females
  • b/c the medial trochlea extends more distally
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9
Q

the head of the radius spins under what ligament?

ring around the head of the radius

A

annular

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10
Q

does the middle radioulnar joint limit pronation and supination?

A

NO

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11
Q

with what movements is the biceps brachii active and with what movements is it not?

A
  • little to no activity of biceps brachii in slow elbow flexion with forearm pronated, but active with a load
  • always active in flexion with supination with or w/o a load
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12
Q

what is the more active muscle for supination

A

biceps brachii> supinator

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13
Q

with the elbow at 90 degrees the biceps are about ___ times more effective than supinator.
and with elbow fully extended?

A
  • 4 times

- 2 times

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14
Q

when is it possible to have only supinator active and not biceps

A

fully extended, slow supination without resistance

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15
Q

is the supinator effectiveness affected by the elbow angle

A

no

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16
Q

why cant muscles be classified classified as synergists or antagonists

A

because they can only b labeled like that for specific movements, changes depending on movement requirements

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17
Q

can you still simultaneously flex the elbow and supinate the forearm if the musculocutaneous nerve is paralyzed

A

yes still have supinator and brachioradialis that have different nerve supply

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18
Q

what makes the boarders of the anatomical snuff box?

A
  • Anterior (closest to palm): abductor pollicis longus & extensor pollicis brevis
  • Posterior: extensor pollicis longus
  • Proximal- radial styloid process
  • Floor- scaphoid; trapezium, and base of 1st MC
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19
Q

most commonly fractured and most frequently dislocated carpal bone

A
  • scaphoid

- lunate

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20
Q

what gets compressed with ulnar deviation

A

TFCC

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21
Q

what does the TFCC have?

A

a mensiscus!

22
Q

mid carpel joints accounts for HOW much of radial and ulnar deviation

A
  • half the radial deviation

- 1/3 of the ulnar deviation

23
Q

wrist flexion is more at the what joint?

and wrist extension more motion occurs at

A
  • radiocarpal joint

- midcarpel joint

24
Q

maximum wrist extension occurs with fingers ___

maximum wrist flexion occurs with fingers___

A
  • flexed

- open (extended)

25
Q

the palmar carpal ligament maintains the ?

A

transverse carpal arch

26
Q

the palmar carpal ligament makes the roof of the carpal tunnel and covers the?

A
  • median nerve, tendons of flexor pollics longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, and flexor digitorm profundus in synovial sheaths
27
Q

2 functions of extensor reticulum

A
  1. ‘bowstringing’ of the extensor tendons with wrist extension
  2. synovial tendon reducing friction b/w the tendons and ones and retinaculum
28
Q

the extensor reticulum is continuous with?

A

the palmar carpal ligament

29
Q

what is the most variable muscle in the body

A

palmaris longus

30
Q

what muscle is absent in ~ 8% of ppl and additional 4 % are missing?

A

palmaris longus

- left or right

31
Q

extensors are generally innervated by what nerve?

and flexors? except?

A
  • extensors: radial nerve
  • flexor: medial nerve
    except the flexor carpi radialus longus is radial nerve
32
Q

what joints are important movements for hand function in relation to transverse arch of the hand from a closed fist to the open hand

A

carpometacarpal 2-5

33
Q

the 1st carpometacarpal joint is a common site for?

A

OA (arthritis)

34
Q

what ligaments attach to the head of of the metacarpals and the bases of the phalanges?

A

meidal and lateral collateral ligaments

35
Q

the digital tendons fo the extensor muscles and the many intrinsic muscles terminate in the ?

A
  • extensor expansion hood
36
Q

what muscles make up the outcropper muscles and whose tendons make the anatomical snuff box

A

abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis

37
Q

how many fingers do you test a time for flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus

A

one

38
Q

when grasping what muscles contract?

contraction of what is proportional to the strength of grasp?

A
  • wrist flexors and extensors

- wrist extensors

39
Q

when you extend your fingers, what do your flexors do?

A

stabilize the wrist from extending

40
Q

what are the most palmar intrinsic muscles of the hand

A

four lumbricals

41
Q

what is the bunnel littler test

A

lumbrical vs PIP joint tightness

42
Q

how do you stretch your lumbricals?

A

extend your MCP and flex your IP joints

43
Q

what are the 4 muscles of the thenar group and their innervation

A
  1. Adductor Pollicis (Ulnar n) 2.Abductor Pollicis Brevis (Median n)
  2. Opponens Pollicis (Median and Ulnar n)
  3. Flexor Pollicis Brevis (Median and Ulnar n)
44
Q

what muscles make up the hypothenar group

A

Abductor Digiti Minimi Flexor Digiti Minimi Opponens Digit Minim

45
Q

is the first metacarpal bone of thumb bound to other metacarpals by ligaments?

A

no

46
Q

how many muscles move the thumb

A

9

47
Q

name the 4 extrinsic muscles of the thumb and 5 intrinsic

A

Intrinsic (thenar):
Abductor Pollicis Brevis Adductor Pollicis
First Dorsal Interosseous Flexor Pollicis Brevis Opponens Pollicis
Extrinsic:
Abductor Pollicis Longus Extensor Pollicis Brevis Extensor Pollicis Longus Flexor Pollicis Longus

48
Q

Radial Nerve innervates what muscles? (13)

A

triceps, anconeus, brachioradialis, brachilais, supinator, extensor carpi radialis
longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor pollicis longus and brevis, extensor digit mimimi, extensor indices, abductor pollicis longus

49
Q

Ulnar nerve innervates what muscles? (11)

A

flexor carpi ulnaris, medial 2 lumbricals and Flexor digitorum profundus, hypothenar muscles (flexor digiti mimi, opponens digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi), flexor pollicis brevis, palmar and dorsal interossei, adductor pollicis, opponens pollicis,

50
Q

Median nerve innervates (10)

A
  • Pronators,
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • flexor digitorum superficialis,
  • flexor digitorum profundus (lateral 2)
  • lateral 2 lumbricals,
  • thenar muscles (flexor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis)

EPHE 355 (5 decks)

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