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MSK exam 3 > The foot > Flashcards

The foot Flashcards

1
Q

femoral nerve innervates

A

quadriceps

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2
Q

obturator nerve innervates

A

hip adductors

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3
Q

superior gluteal nerve innervates

A

hip abductors

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4
Q

inferior gluteal nerve innervates

A

gluteus maximus

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5
Q

sciatic nerve innervates

A

hamstrings

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6
Q

sciatic nerve gives rise to

A

tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

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7
Q

trial nerve innervates

A

all the muscles in the posterior compartments of the leg

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8
Q

common fibular nerve divides into two branches

A

superficial fibular nerve - innervates lateral compartment of the leg deep fibular nerve - innervates anterior compartment muscles

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9
Q

superficial fibular nerve innervates

A

lateral compartment of the leg

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10
Q

deep fibular nerve

A
  • innervates anterior compartment muscles
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11
Q

femoral artery passed through the adductor hiatus and becomes the

A

popliteal artery

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12
Q

popliteal artery gives rise to the

A

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

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13
Q

anterior tibial artery vascularizes

A

the anterior compartment then becomes the dorsal pedal artery in the foot

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14
Q

posterior tibial artery vascularizes

A

the posterior compartments and gives rise to the fibular artery (lateral compartment) then plantar arteries (medial and lateral) in the foot

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15
Q

how many tarsal bones

A

7

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16
Q

how many metatarsals

A

5

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17
Q

how many phalanges

A

14

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18
Q

bones of the tarsus

A

talus calcaneous cuboid navicular 3 cuneiform bones

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19
Q

this bone is almost entirely covered with articular cartilage

A

talus

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20
Q

neck of the talus

A

entrance site for the arteries that vascularize the bone

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21
Q

posterior tubercles on the talus

A

provide a groove for the FHL tendon

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22
Q

commonly fractured tarsal bones

A

talus and calcaneous

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23
Q

this fracture results from dorsiflexion injuries

A

talus

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24
Q

fractures through the neck of the talus can

A

disrupt the vascular supply and lead to avascular necrosis of the talus

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25
Q

heel bone

A

calcaneus

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26
Q

articulates with the talus superiorly at the subtalor joint

A

calcaneus

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27
Q

insertion of achilles tendon

A

posterior aspect of calcaneus

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28
Q

the tendon of the FHL passes beneath the ___________ and inserts into the distal phalanx of the hallux

A

sustentaculum tali

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29
Q

aviator fractures

A

talus fracture

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30
Q

mechanism of calcaneal fracture

A

often results from a fall from a ladder or jumping from a height and landing on a high axial load on the rear foot

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31
Q

what to keep in mind when considering calcaneal fractures

A

must rule out associated fractures of the spine - particularly lower thoracic and lumbar

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32
Q

calcaneal fractures that involve the _____ have a poor long term prognosis and severe arthritis can accompany this injury

A

STJ - sustentaculum tali

part of the calcaneus that supports the head of the talus

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33
Q

shortest and thickest metatarsal

A

first

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34
Q

longest metatarsal

A

2nd

35
Q

parts of a metatarsal

A

base, shaft, and head

36
Q

base of the 5th metatarsal has a large ____ for insertion of the fibularis brevis

A

tuberosity

37
Q

there are 2 _____ beneath the head of the first metatarsal

A

sesmoid bones

38
Q

metatarsal fracuters occur from

A

direct trauma - kicking, heavy weight falling like a bowling ball

39
Q

common metatarsal to fracture

A

5th

40
Q

during inversion ankle injuries (ankle sprain) the _______ reflexively contracts, attempting to evert the ankle

A

brevis tendon

  • occasinally this contraction avulses or fractures the base of the 5th metatarsal bone
41
Q

name the foot

A
42
Q

deep fascia over the dorsum of the foot is thin and continuous with the

A

crural fascia of the leg

43
Q

plantar fascia

A

deep fascia fo the plantar surface (sole) of the foot

44
Q

plantar aponeurosis

A

extremely thick central portion of the plantar fascia

45
Q

function of plantar fascia

A

protection of underlying neurovascular structures

helps support the longitudinal arches of the foot

provide surface for musclar attachment

46
Q

arises from calcaneus and divides into slips that enclose the long digital tendons

A

plantar aponeurosis

47
Q

helps compartmentalize the foot by sending vertical septa deeply into the foot

A

plantar aponeurosis

48
Q

plantar region is separated into 4 compartments

A

medial

lateral

central

interosseus

49
Q

intrinsic plantar foot muscle

A

there are 18 muscles in 4 layers

50
Q

innervation of the plantar foot

A

lateral and medial plantar nerves

51
Q

medial plantar nerve innervation

A

abductor hallucis

flexor digitorum brevis

flexor hallucis brevis

1st medial lumbrical

52
Q

all intrinsic plantar muscles are innervated by which nerve roots

A

S2, S3

play footsies with me

S2 S3 step on me

53
Q

tarsal tunnel

A

orderly passage way into the foot, beneath the flexor retinaculum ligament

54
Q

Tom Dick an Harry

A

Tibialis Posterior Tendon

Flexor digitorum longus tendon

posterior tibial artery and tibial nerve

flexor hallicus longus tendon

55
Q

median plantar nerve

A

innervates 4 plantar muscles

cutaneous to 3 1/2 toes and medial aspect of foot

56
Q

lateral plantar nerve

A

superficial branch supplies sensation to lateral 1 1/2 digits

cutaneous to that area and the lateral aspect of the foot

57
Q

cutaneous innervation of heel

A

tibial nerve

58
Q

tibial nerve divides into

A

medial plantar nerve

lateral plantar nerve

59
Q

posterior tibial artery gives rise to

A

medial plantar artery

lateral plantar artery

60
Q

medial plantar artery

A

gives rise to small superficial and deep branches

supplies mainly muscles of the great toe (medial aspect of the foot)

61
Q

first layer of plantar muscles

A

three intrinsic muscles:

  • abductor hallucis
  • flexor digitorum brevis (flexes toes 2-5)
  • abductor digiti minimi (abducts the 5th toe)
62
Q

abducts the 5th toe

A

abductor digiti minimi

63
Q

muscle belly givers rise to 4 tendons and flexes toes 2-5

A

flexor digitorum brevis

64
Q

label first layer of plantar muscles

A
65
Q

2nd layer of plantar muscles

A

extrinsic -

flexor digitorum longus FDL

flexor hallucis longus FHL

intrinsic -

quadratus plantae - assits FDL in flexing digits

lumbrical muscles (4) - arise from the four tendons of the FDL, flexes the toes

66
Q

3rd layer of plantar muscles

A

three intrinsic muscles

  • flexor digiti minimi brevis - flexes proximal phalanx of the 5th toe
  • adductor hallucis
  • flexor hallucis brevis
67
Q

flexor hallucis brevis

A

has a medial and lateral head which contain sesamoid bones within their tendons - flexes proximal phalanx hallux

68
Q

4th layer of plantar muscles

A
  • 3 plantar interossei - adduct digits 3,4,5
  • 4 dorsal interossei - abduct digits 2,3,4
69
Q

intrinisic muscles arise from the shafts of the metatarsals and insert into the extensor expansion of the digits

A

interossei muscles

70
Q

uncontrolled diabetes tends to result in

A

retinopathy

nephopathy

neuropathy

71
Q

neuropathy results in

A

loss or diminished function of peripheral sensory nerves

72
Q

For ~100,000 people each year, these wounds progress deep into the tissue and severe bacterial infection takes over resulting in a

A

amputation

73
Q

__ % of diabetics with an amputation have their other limb amputated within 5 years

A

50

74
Q

synovial joint between the talus and calcaneus

A

subtalar joint

75
Q

permits inversion and eversion motions during the gait cycle

A

subtalar joint

76
Q

ligament that helps stabilize the subtalar joint

A

interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

77
Q

transverse tarsal joint

A

two joints

calcaneocuboid

talonavicular

78
Q

bifurcate ligament

A

provides stability between the transverse tarsal joint

79
Q

the pedal bones are arranged in ____ that add to the weight bearing capabilities and resilience of the foot

A

arches

80
Q

integrity of the arches of the foot

A

Strength and tone of muscles – tibialis posterior, tibialis anterior, and fibularis longus

&

The Flexor Hallucis longus

81
Q

one of the most common causes of heel pain

A

plantar fasciitis

82
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

inflammation of the thick plantar fascia/aponeurosis and associated muscles that arise from the calcaneal tuberosity

83
Q

presentation of plantar fasciitis

A

stabbing pain that usually occurs with the first few steps in the morning, or after long periods of standing or sitting

MSK exam 3 (7 decks)

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