The Final Prep Flashcards
An L3 disc prolapse will affect which nerve root(s)?
L3/L4
There are __ discs in the spine.
23
Is there a disc between C1-C2?
No
Is there a disc between C0-C1?
No
If a lesion is lateral to the nerve root, side bending ____ will DECREASE the symptoms.
away
If a lesion is medial to the nerve root, side bending ____ will INCREASE the symptoms.
Away
A R thoracic scoliosis will see the SPs toward the ____.
Left
With the thoracicspine in neutral, side bending will be accompanied by ____ rotation.
Contralateral
Ape hand is a result of injury to the ____ nerve, resulting in weakness of which two relevant muscles?
Median nerve
APB and OP
Klumpke’s palsy is most associated with which deformity?
Claw hand
Erb’s palsy is most associated with which deformity?
Waiter’s tip deformity
With scoliosis, which aROM will be most decreased?
Lateral flexion and flexion toward the convex side.
Claw hand is a result of weakness of which muscles? What relevant function is lost?
Dorsal/palmar interossei and ulnar lumbricals.
They flex the MCP joint; without them, ED is unopposed and FDS/FDP overpower the IP joints into flexion.
Oath hand/sign of Benediction is associated with ____ nerve injury.
Median
The roots/rami of the spinal cord contain both sensory and motor fibres.
Rami
The ACL runs from ___ to ___
Anterior to lateral
The PCL runs from ___ to ____.
Posterior to medial
Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions:
anaphylaxis, allergies (IgE mediated)
Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions:
blood type incompatibility (cytotoxic)
Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions:
Abnormal immune complexes (Ag-Ab)
Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions:
Delayed (cell mediated)
Describe spondylosis:
General term for age related degeneration in the spine, usually IVD or OA
Describe spondylolysis:
Defect in pars interarticularis
Describe spondylolisthesis:
forward slippage of vertebra (most common of L5)
T1-T3 + T12 have an SP that is…
In line with its TVPs
T4-T6 + T11 have SPs that are…
1/2 level inferior to their TVPs
T7-T10 have SPs that are…
At the same level as the TVP of the vertebra below
AKA 1 full level below their TVPs
With a posterior hip dislocation, the affected limb will appear…
flexed, add + IR
The normal lumbosacral angle is…
140*
The primary area of the brain that processes the pain/pleasure aspect of massage:
parietal lobe
Ruffini corpuscles respond to…
deep pressure
Pacinian corpuscles, hair root plexuses, and Merkel’s discs respond to…
light touch
The elbow joint is an example of a ___ class lever.
third class (F E L)
A reversible limitation of ROM that occurs as a result of a change in connective tissue following long-term mm spasms is called a…
functional block
The heel lift (standing on tippy toes) is an example of a __ class lever
Second class
Right sided neck pain can be referred from what organs?
liver and gallbladder
Left sided neck pain may be referred from which organs?
lungs and diaphragm
Pain in between the shoulder blades may be referred from what organ?
stomach
Pain through the low back and lateral hips may be referred from which organ?
kidneys
