THE FINAL EXAM Flashcards
Primary Public Health view of Delinquency
Identify healthcare services and prevention education
Secondary Public Health view of Delinquency
Intervene at risk youth at the right time
Home based programs
Visitation based programs for 1st time mothers to be under 19
Improve Parenting Skills
Work with parents of young children
Pre school
3-5 y/o
primary time of development
Community based programs
Head Start
Bifurcated process
Separating the adjudication and disposition hearing.
Juvenile Justice Process
Police Investigation Detention Pre-Trial Adjudication Disposition Treatment
Similarities between Juvenile and Criminal Court
Standard of proof, due process, probation services, Miranda Warning, right to counsel, pre-trail motions
Differences between Juvenile and Criminal Court
Punishment vs. Treatment Juveniles have no right to jury trial Age Language Juvenile proceedings are not considered criminal, and are usually informal / private
Prosecutor
brings charges against the defendant, prove beyond reasonable doubt that the person did commit the crime
Judge
Mediate the courtroom, ensure everyone’s rights are protected, disposition decisions
Guardian ad litem
represents welfare cases, appointed when there is a question of treatment
How can an individual enter the system?
Parents, Police, School, Community
Schall v. Martin (84)
Juveniles can be detained until their court hearings.
Typical male delinquent
over 16, charged with a violent crime
Typical female delinquent
under 16, runaway
Typical female delinquent
under 16, runaway
Restructured Detention of Adult Jails
JJDPA amendments made sure that juveniles cant be housed with adolescents.
Complaint
Report made by police or agency
Petition
Formal complaint that initiates judicial action against juvenile.
Contains name, age, residence, parents name, alleged delinquent acts
Plea Bargaining
(90% of adult cases), less common in juvenile court
Diversion
Non-judicial proceedings to avoid stigmatization and labelling, created to remove non-serious offenders from the system
Kent vs. United States (66)
Due process dealing with waiver, set up criteria
In re Gault (67)
Established due process constitutional rights in delinquency adjudication proceedings. Did not get an opportunity to confront accuser, was sentenced to a facility to the remainder of this juvenile years. Was not notified of his charges, was not cross examined, established rights for youth.
In re Winship (70)
Established “beyond a reasonable doubt” as standard of proof, no longer preponderance of evidence.
Mckeiver vs. Pennsylvania (71)
Established that trial by jury is not a constitutional right.
Breed vs. Jones (75)
Individual can not be tried in adult court if already tried in juvenile court.
Roper v. Simmons
SCOTS deemed that it is unconstitutional to put an individual to death under 18.
366 juvenile offenders have been executed since 1642.
Community Treatment
Allows for the individual to fix their behavior in their own environment
Healthier for the individual. Community Treatment is not the best option, for the chronic 6 percent.
Juvenile Probation
Backbone of community based corrections. 62% of juvenile dispositions are on probation
Allows the court to tailor a program for each offender.
Nature of Probation
Allows youth to stay in the community
Contract between court and juvenile
Institutionalization is temporarily set aside, as the juvenile promises to adhere to mandated conditions.
Probation Conditions
Mandates that a juvenile on probation behaves a certain way
Supervision, counseling, restitution, reparation, participation in either a therapeutic, education, or vocation program.
Duties of a Probation Officer / Case Mgmt. Specialist
Participate in release / detention decisions
Screens complaints at intake. Supervises youth on probation. Assists the court in reaching disposition decisions.
JIPS
Juvenile Intensive Probation Supervision
Daily scrutiny, highest risk youth, goal is decarceration and maintaining ties to the community
Electronic Monitoring
House arrest
Offenders monitored through phonecalls, visits, and electronic devices
Fitted with an unremovable device
Restitution
Reimbursing the victim
Donating money to charity
May be required to provide services to the victim
Group Homes
Non-secure residences that provide counseling, and education
Foster Care Programs
Involve one or two juveniles who live with a family
Family Group Homes
Combined Elements of foster care and group homes
Rural Programs
Forestry camps, ranches, farms that provide recreation and work
Juvenile Institution Funding
Publicly funded (69%), Privately funded (31%)
Small Institutions usually work better
Old institutions have awful conditions
Aftercare
Equivalent of parole in the adult criminal justice system
Reentry
Involves aftercare services and includes preparation and prerelease planning
Typical institutionalized juvenile
17 y/o EA Male
Younger youth facilities
Private institutions
Older youth facilities
Public facilities
Minorities and incarceration
Minority youth are incarcerated up to four times that of EA Youth
Rehabilitation
Offers recreation, education, religious, therapeutic, family, and vocational counseling.
Reality Therapy
Stresses that youth are responsible for their own behavior
Behavioral modification
shaping behavior through rewards and punishments
Psychotherapy
Requires extensive analysis of childhood experiences
Guided Group Interaction
Positive peer culture, peer leaders encourage others to conform to behaviors
Wilderness Programs
Outdoor activities used to improve
Juvenile Boot Camps
Combines elements of adult programs and education
These programs are ineffective
Intensive Aftercare Program
Draws attention to principles such as
- Preparing youth for responsibility and freedom
- Developing resources and support systems
- Facilitating Youth / Community interaction and involvement.
