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juvenile delinquency > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Dysfunction

A

Key ingredient to emotional deficits that lead to social problems

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2
Q

Effect of parenting on delinquency

A

+ Parenting lowers risk of delinquency in high crime areas

- Parenting increases the risk of children becoming delinquent

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3
Q

Family Composition

A

Traditional families are in the past

75% of mothers of school aged children are employed.

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4
Q

“Good Wife’s Guide”

A

Women were expected to be subservient and obedient to their husbands, has drastically changed in the recent years

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5
Q

Underground Child Care

A

90% of facilities run without license

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6
Q

Latch Key Children

A

Children who return from school to an empty home

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7
Q

Four Main Categories for Family Dysfunction

A

Breakup
Conflict
Ineffectiveness
Deviance

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8
Q

Breakup

A

Positive correlation between delinquency and family break ups
Blended families are less stable
Boys are more affected by the post divorce absence of their father
Girls are more affected by the quality of the mother’s parenting

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9
Q

Conflict

A

Family conflict causes more damage than family break up.

A child’s perception of their parents’ marital happiness is a predictor of delinquency

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10
Q

Family Ineffectiveness

A

Inconsistent discipline
Physical punishment
Inconsistent supervision
poor parenting.

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11
Q

Resource Dilution

A

Large families are more likely produce delinquents, resources run thin for every child

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12
Q

Family Deviance

A

Genetics, substance abuse, link between criminality of sons and fathers

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13
Q

Child Abuse

A

Any physical or emotional trauma to a child for which no reasonable explanation can be found

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14
Q

Types of Child Abuse

A

Physical, neglect, emotional, sexual, abandonment

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15
Q

First documented case of child abuse

A

1847 - Mary Ellen Wilson removed from her parents by SPCA

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16
Q

Abuse Statistics

A

1 in 10 boys and 1 in 3 girls have been victims of exploitation
EA / Middle Class
Boys get less attention from authorities

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17
Q

Causes of Child Abuse

A

Parents who suffered abuse themselves abuse their own children
Isolated and alienated families become abusive
Cyclical pattern of violence

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18
Q

CAPTA

A

Child Abuse Prevention & Treatment Act of 1974
Provides federal funding to states in support of prevention, investigation, and treatment, all states have mandated reporting laws.

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19
Q

State Intervention Process

A 
Allegations
Advisement Hearing
Pretrial Conference
Adjudication
Disposition
Review Hearing
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20
Q

Allegations

A

Social Service agency files a petition alleging abuse. Most often, through the hotline.

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21
Q

Advisement hearing

A

Review the facts, determine whether permanent removal is justified. Notify parents of charges against them.

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22
Q

Pretrial

A

Conference is held if the parents deny the petition, attorney for the state presents an overview of the case. Settlement can be negotiated.

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23
Q

Adjudication

A

Fact finding stage to determine if the children are in need of CINA. If so, see 5.

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24
Q

Disposition

A

Most important stage. Social service agency presents its case plan. An agreement is reached by which parents commit themselves to the state order.

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25
Q

Living Arrangement Tiers

A

Reunification
Guardianship
Adoption
APPLA (Another Permanent Plan of Living Arrangement)

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26
Q

Coy v. Ohio

A

SCOTUS ruled that unless there is a finding that the child witness needs special protection, the 6th amendment grants defendants “face to face” confrontation through a one way glass partition

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27
Q

Maryland v. Craig

A

SCOTUS said that CCTV testimony is sufficient for in-court statements in special protection cases.

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28
Q

Clique

A

small group of friends who share activities and confidences

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29
Q

Crowds

A

Loosely organized groups of children who share interests

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30
Q

Controversial status youth

A

highly liked or intensely disliked by their peers

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31
Q

Co-offending

A

delinquent acts committed in small groups

Anti-social youth join with like minded youth

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32
Q

Gang

A

groups of youth who engage in delinquent behavior together.

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33
Q

Interstitial group

A

Falls through the cracks of society

Identifiable leadership, division of labor, rules, rituals, etc.

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34
Q

Two Main Factors of Gangs

A

Self recognition

Commitment to criminal activity

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35
Q

Gang history

A

Conscious in the 1950’s and 60’s

In ‘75, there were 275 identifiable gangs

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36
Q

Reach of urban gangs

A

Approx. 760k gang members and 24k gangs.

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37
Q

Gangs and Location

A

Operated in large urban areas experiencing population change

Diverse ethnic groups find themselves in competition

38
Q

Gangs and Migration

A

Organize new chapters when they relocate
Move for social reasons
Immigration has brought people who have formed extremely violent gangs like MS-13

39
Q

Four Groups of Gangs

A

Social Gangs
Party Gangs
Serious Delinquent Gangs
Organize Gangs

40
Q

Gangs and Age

A

From 8-55

Involvement ranges from 9-12

41
Q

Gangs and Communication

A

Graffiti
Secret symbols
Stacking
Colors / fashion / branding

42
Q

Gangs and African America

A

First AA Gangs were formed in the 1920’s
in the 70’s, Crips gang was formed
Use of nicknames / hairstyles / tattoos

43
Q

Gangs and Latinx America

A

Fierce loyalty
Initiation through machismo
Great deal of violence

44
Q

Gangs and Asian America

A

Cities like NY, LA, SanFran, Seattle, Houston
Victimize members of their own ethnic group
Less territorial and secretive
Elders have control

45
Q

Gangs and Anglo Race

A

Common in smaller towns
Derivatives of the skinhead 70s movement
Alienated youth

46
Q

Common gang crimes

A

Larceny, theft, assault

Violence is a core fact of gang life

47
Q

Anthropological View of Gangs

A

Appeal to the longing of tribal processes.

Puberty rites and adulthood passage.

48
Q

Anomie / Alienation View of Gangs

A

Anomie encourage gang formation on the cultural and individual level.
Youth are encouraged to join gangs during periods of turmoil.

49
Q

Psychological View of Gangs

A

Serve as an outlet for disturbed youths who suffer from a personal deficits, impulse control, etc.

50
Q

Rational Choice View of Gangs

A

Turn to gangs a method of obtaining goods / services

personal safety, fun and support

51
Q

How to control gang activity

A

Service programs, police agencies

Recreation activities, afterschool programs

52
Q

Hoover Folk Gang

A

Symbol is the pitchfork

KK got arrested for robbing a convenience store

53
Q

23rd Street Crips

A

LA Moe is credited for bringing Crips to Little Rock
Killed a man at 9
Parents involved in gang activity

54
Q

Bobby Banks

A

LA Moe’s protege
Leader of the 23rd street crips
#1 target

55
Q

186

A

Code to be on alert

56
Q

Kick it

A

have fun

57
Q

Getting jacked up

A

questioned by police

58
Q

Crippin’

A

Hanging out with crips

59
Q

Down for mine

A

Loyal to gang members

60
Q

BGF

A

Black Gorilla Family

61
Q

Crabs

A

Slur for cips

62
Q

Pour one out

A

ritual for mourning

63
Q

Gat / straps

A

gun

64
Q

Slob

A

Blood member

65
Q

Quoted

A

Initiation for gang members, either being sexed in or beat in.

66
Q

Percent of school aged children attending school

A

90%, compared to 7 in 1890

67
Q

Trends in Education

A

US lags in math

Constantly out performed by other countries

68
Q

Dropping Out

A

Truancy leads to failure

After dropout, youth are more likely to engage in delinquent behavior

69
Q

Why do youth drop out?

A

They want a job.

Low achievement, poor problem solving, substance abuse

70
Q

Personal trouble

A

Turbulent family life has been linked to academic underachievement

71
Q

Social class

A

Economic issues may cause students to take part time jobs

72
Q

Reducing school crime

A

Crime free, weapon free, safe school zones

73
Q

Zero Tolerance Policy

A

Mandates predetermined punishments for specific offenses.

74
Q

School Security Efforts

A

Restrict entry, gates, picture ID, security cameras, controlled bookbags

75
Q

Law Enforcement in Schools

A

Infiltrate as undercover officers on school grounds

76
Q

New Jersey v. TLO

A

SCOTUS found that students are constitutionally protected from legal searches, but school officials are not bound by the same restrictions.

77
Q

Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton

A

Extended schools’ authority to search by legalizing drug testing policy for student athletes

78
Q

Free Speech in School

A

Guaranteed by the 1st amendment, divided by passive and active speech. Cannot be prohibited unless forbidden conduct will interfere with the discipline needed to operate the school

79
Q

School Prayer

A

SCOTUS ruled that prayers lead by a school official undermines protection of minority viewpoints.

80
Q

Marijuana

A

Pot / weed / grass / kush
Cannabis sativa
tetrahydrocannibinol
Commonly used by teenagers

81
Q

Marijuana and health

A

Distortions in auditory and visual perception through hallucination
Not addictive.

82
Q

Cocaine

A

Alkaloid derivative of the coca plant

Medical breakthrough until it was deemed addictive.

83
Q

Cocaine and Health

A

Natural stimulant, produces euphoria, restlessness, excitement
Controlled by FDA in 1906

84
Q

Crack

A

Processed street cocaine, made through the use of ammonia or baking soda to create a crystalline form that can be smoked

85
Q

Heroin

A

Narcotic, ability to produce insensibility to pain and free the mind of anxiety and emotion

86
Q

Street Heroin

A

Most commonly used narcotic in the US
Dealers cut the drug with neutral substances like sugar / lactose
1-4% pure

87
Q

Alcohol

A

Drug of choice for teenagers
May be a factor in nearly half of all murders, suicides and accidental deaths
Depression, heart disease, cirrhosis of liver

88
Q

Anesthetic drugs

A

CNS Depressants, must be widely abused (PCP)

89
Q

Steroids

A

Used for muscle growth

Causes health problems, needle users are at risk for HIV

90
Q

Designer Drugs

A

Lab created synthetics, designed to temporarily avoid drug laws. Ecstasy.

91
Q

Cigarettes

A

Many countries prohibit the sale of cigarettes to minors, states are required to reduce the rates of illegal sales to minors; 1 of every 2 seniors report smoking.

juvenile delinquency (3 decks)

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