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Year 2 Reproduction > The Female Reproductive system > Flashcards

The Female Reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

Is there a boundary between the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity?

A

No

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2
Q

What is a Mittelschmerz pain?

A

Ovarian pain at ovulation

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3
Q

Describe the quality of the Mittelschmerz pain and the mechanism.

A

Sharp pain- somatic from parietal peritoneum

Ovum release is traumatic and involves partial peritoneum rupture.

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4
Q

How is it that being a nun may increase your risk of ovarian cancer?

A

No pregnancy because of celibacy means maximum number of ovulations in a lifetime (ovulation is a traumatic event).

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5
Q

Outline typical ovarian cyst presentation

A

Pain from peritoneal stretching
Early satiety
Bloating
Nausea

-most are asymptomatic

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6
Q

Are ovarian cyst being or malignant and why must you be careful not to rupture them surgically?

A

Can be wither benign or malignant.

Rupture will spread cancer cells by the transcoelemic route if it is malignant

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7
Q

From top to bottom outline the anatomical divisions of the uterus.

A

Fundus
Body
Cervix

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8
Q

The external Os changes shape post partum, outline this change.

A

Circular tight Os pre-baby

Slit shaped after delivery

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9
Q

What is cervical ectropion?

A

Transitional zone of epithelium is exposed by a slight pouting of the external Os (common in patients with high oestrogen)

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10
Q

Uterine expansion can give lots of symptoms to pregnant women, please list some.

A

Stomach pushed up- acid reflux
Bladder squished- increased urinary frequency
Ligament stretch
Large intestine pushed back- constipation

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11
Q

What must you do if a woman of childbearing age presents with abdominal pain?

A

pregnancy test - rule out ectopic

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12
Q

Which part of the uterine tube must catch the egg?

A

Infundibulum with help from fimbriae

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13
Q

Are all fimbriae the same?

A

No there is one specialised one with groove the ovum will pass along.

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14
Q

The ampulla is the site of normal …

A

fertilisation

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15
Q

The ligament of ovary is continuos with which ligament?

A

Round ligament of uterus

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16
Q

What do the uterine tubes open into?

A

The peritoneal cavity

17
Q

What are the pouches of peritoneal cavity either side of the uterus called?

A

Uterovesicular pouch

Uterorectal pouch

18
Q

Name the three uterine ligaments.

A
  1. Broad Ligament
  2. Round Ligament
  3. Suspensory Ligament
19
Q

The broad ligament is anatomically just a ….. fold

A

peritoneal

20
Q

Remnants of the gubernaculum become the … ligament and the ligament of …. which are continuous.

A

round

ovary

21
Q

The neuromuscular pathway that bulges into the peritoneum and is a uterine ligament is known as the….

A

Suspensory ligament

22
Q

What is the mesometrium?

A

The lateral fold of peritoneum that connects the lateral uterine wall with the lateral pelvic wall. This is part of the broad ligament.

23
Q

There are 4 subsections to the uterine tube, list them from the most distal structure to the uterus.

A

Fimbriae
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus

24
Q

What 3 structures make up the broad ligament?

A

Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium
Mesometrium

25
Q

Which branch of the internal iliac artery supplies the uterus?

A

Uterine artery

26
Q

Angle of ante version is the angle between the … and the …

A

Vagina and cervix

27
Q

The age between the cervix and the womb is the angle of?

A

Anteflexion

28
Q

If the angle between the vagina and the cervix is anteverted it is less than ? and you would feel the cervix on top of your fingers on internal examination.

A

180

29
Q

A retroflexed uterus is a uterus that is?

A

at an angle of more than 180 degrees to the cervix

30
Q

What is the normal anatomical position of most uterus’?

A

Antiverted and anteflexed.
Both angles are less than 180 degrees which is maintained by the broad ligament.
This means the cervix will sit on top of your fingers on examination and a bimanual examination will allow you to feel the womb if you push anteriorly from inside.

31
Q

What epithelial type is seen in the vagina?

A

Stratified squamous (not keratinised)

32
Q

Why are there glycogen inclusions in the vaginal epithelium?

A

Fuel for lactobacilli to make lactic acid.

33
Q

Clitirodectomy is

A

a form of FGM and involves removal of the clitoris

34
Q

What three things may be removed in FGM?

A

Labia majora, minora and the clitoris

35
Q

A third and most extreme type of FGM is?

A

Sewing the labia major together leaving only a small outlet for urine.

36
Q

What is the function of the paraurethral gland in women?

A

female ejaculation

37
Q

What is the Fourchette?

A

Anterior border of perineum prone to tear

38
Q

The clitoral hood is synonymous with which male anatomical feature?

A

Foreskin

Year 2 Reproduction (8 decks)

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