Mammary Tissue

Question 1

Outline the surface divisions of the breast

Answer 1

Question 2

How is milk let down hormonally controlled?

Question 3

Which ligamnets hold the breast tossue to the chest wall, they are particularly important when the breast is heavy and full of milk?

Answer 3

Cooper’s Ligaments

Question 4

During pregancy which 3 hormones stimulate prolferation of breast glandular tissue?

Answer 4

Human Placental Lactogen and Progesterone from the placenta

Prolactin from the anterior pituitary

Question 5

Which hormone inhibits prolactin in pregnancy to stop premature milk let down?

Answer 5

Progesterone

Question 6

Outline to the breast tissue changed in pregnancy

Answer 6

Areola darkens

Mongomery glands make lipod fluid to lubricate the nipple

Question 7

What is colostrum and what is ts function?

Answer 7

Intitially after birth a woman will make colostrum not milk. High immune cell and antibody secretion which is low in fat, coats the GI tract and has laxitive effects to sstiulate meconium

Question 8

What is the fat content at the start of the feed relative to the end?

Answer 8

fat content increases throuput feeding session

Question 9

Which immunoglobulin type is seen in the breast milk?

Answer 9

IgA

Question 10

Which vitamin is commonly insufficent in breats milk?

Answer 10

D- may need supplement

Question 11

What does breast milk contain?

Answer 11

Fat

Lactose

Viatmins

Micronutrients

Proteins

Immune stuff

Question 12

Why do we lactate quickly after birth?

Answer 12

Delivery of the placenta means no placental progesterone inhibiting prolactin

Question 13

What is milk let down.

Answer 13

Conditioned reflex

Baby suckles–> mechanoreceptor on alveoli detects–> intercostal nerve–> dorsal root ganglion—> spinal cord –> hypothalamus –> dopamine reduced, prolactine rises and oxytocin sent to post post pituatary

Question 14

In the breast which cell type does prolactin act on?

Answer 14

Alveolar cells to stimulate milk production

Question 15

Which hormone stimulates myepithelial cells in the breast when feeding?

Answer 15

Oxytocin

Question 16

Which neurones make dopamine and are inhibited in lactation?

Answer 16

Prolactin Inhibiting Neurones

Question 17

When dopamine levels drop which cells secrete more prolactin?

Answer 17

lactotrophic cells

Question 18

Which hypothalamic cells make the oxytocin to send down the pituatary stalk?

Answer 18

Paraventricular cells

Question 19

Other than suckling what else could stimulate milk let down?

Answer 19

Sound of the babaies cry

Question 20

What is milk let down?

Answer 20

Combination of alveolar cells making milk and myopethlial cells contracting to push the mild down the ducts and out the nipple

Question 21

Why do new borns lose weight in the first week?

Answer 21

Small stomach (blueberry size)

Colostrum not full fat

Question 22

When do you expect the intial weight loss to be regained?

Answer 22

Week 2

Question 23

What causes glandular sturctures to involute when you stop breast feeding?

Answer 23

Fedding less

Question 24

Describe the content of breast tissue?

Answer 24

Adipose

Lobes- lobules

Milk ducts

Ligamnets

Fibrous connective tissue

Lymphatics

Nerves

Blood vessels