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Head neck and neuroanatomy > The face, scalp and neck > Flashcards

The face, scalp and neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 muscles are the muscles of mastication?

A
  • superficial masseter
  • temporalis
  • lateral pterygoid
  • medial pterygoid
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2
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

A

the trigeminal nerve (V)- esp Vc

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3
Q

What muscle lies at the front and back of the scalp and raises the eyebrows?

A

the frontal and occipital bellies of the occipitofrontalis.

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4
Q

What is the role of the buccinator?

A

Moves cheek- controls food, also moves tongue laterally

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5
Q

What are the names of the muscles around the eye and mouth?

A

eye- orbicularis oculi

mouth- orbicularis oris

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6
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression (also what number is it)?

A

The facial nerve (VII)

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7
Q

What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

opthalmic (Va)
Maxillary (Vb)
mandibular (Vc)

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8
Q

What nerves supply sensation to the face

A

Va, Vb and Vc

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9
Q

What are the branches of the facial nerve?

A

To Zanibar By Motor Car

  • Temporal
  • Zygomatic
  • Buccal
  • Marginal mandibular
  • Cervical
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10
Q

What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?

A

omohydoid- medial aspect
digastric- superior aspect
sternocleidomastoid- lateral aspect

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11
Q

What innervates the trapezius muscle?

A

acessory nerve (CNXI)

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12
Q

What makes up the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A

SCM- medial
trapezius- lateral
clavical- inferior
platysma- roof

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13
Q

What runs in carotid triangle?

A

Caroitid artery medial, IJV lateral, vagus nerve posterior

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14
Q

From inside to out, list the fascial layers of the neck

A
  1. Skin
  2. Superficial fascia
  3. Investing layer
  4. Pretracheal layer
  5. Prevertebral layer
  6. Carotid sheath
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15
Q

Which fascial layer invests the SCM?

A

the investing layer

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16
Q

Do the vertebral muscles lay inside or outside the prevertebral fascia?

A

inside

17
Q

Where is the buccopharygeal fascia?

A

It is the posterior side of the Pretracheal fascia

18
Q

Describe the retropharygeal space

A

A space behind the buccopharygeal fascia, infront of the pretracheal fascia and between the two cartoid fascia.

19
Q

Whats the significance of the retropharyngeal space?

A

Infections of this area can spread to the mediastinum, which can bee life threatening. An abcess of this space can cause a sore throat, dysphagia, a tempreature and stridor (wheezing).
It is common in children after an upper resp tract infection due to how their lymphnodes are arranged.

20
Q

What are the 5 layers of the scalp?

A
  • Skin
  • dense Connective tissue
  • epicranial Aponeurosis
  • Loose connective tissue
  • Periosteum
21
Q

How can cuts to the scalp develop into meningitis?

A
  • Wound becomes infected

- Bacteria travel into meninges though skull via emmissary veins

22
Q

What is the posterior side of the head/ scalp (from ears back) innervated by?

A

C2/ cervical nerves

23
Q

Why do deep cuts of the scalp bleed so profusely?

A
  • pull of occipitofrontalis prevents closure of bleeding vessels and the surrounding the skin
  • Blood vessels are closely adhered to the CT so they cannot close easily
  • Blood supply to the head has many anastmtopes
24
Q

Why is a subperiosteal haematoma (cephalohaematoma) in a newborn following labour not a risk to the babies brain?

A

The bleeding will spread within the subperiosteal layer but not further than the suture lines of the skull

25
Q

Why does blood collect under eyes causing bruising after trauma? What is this type of haemorrhage called?

A
  • Veins in loos CT break
  • Blood tracks anteriorly over periosteum but under aponeruosis under gravity
  • Blood reaches insertion of occipitalis around eyes and collects at this point as it cannot move further
  • subgaleal haemorrhage
26
Q

Describe the bleeding and presentation of a caput succedaneum haemorrhage

A
  • presents with large well circumcised lump on head following blunt force trauma
  • bleeding in dense CT layer (venous as these ruputre more easily)
  • Lots of blood comes out quick but not able to move/ travel far as CT is so dense so lump forms
27
Q

What nerves are venerable during fractures to the mandible and what is their function?

A 
Lingual nerve (runs behind, not in it)- it is a branch of the mandibular trigeminal nerve and carries sensory to the anterior 2/3 tongue and also taste fibres from the facial nerve to the anterior 2/3 tongue. 
Inferior alveolar nerve runs within the mandible, it innervates all teeth on the ipsilateral side. It also gives off a mental nerve branch which supplies the skin of the chin, labia mucosa, gingiviae, and mucous membrane of the lower lip

Head neck and neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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