The face, scalp and neck Flashcards
What are 4 muscles are the muscles of mastication?
- superficial masseter
- temporalis
- lateral pterygoid
- medial pterygoid
What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?
the trigeminal nerve (V)- esp Vc
What muscle lies at the front and back of the scalp and raises the eyebrows?
the frontal and occipital bellies of the occipitofrontalis.
What is the role of the buccinator?
Moves cheek- controls food, also moves tongue laterally
What are the names of the muscles around the eye and mouth?
eye- orbicularis oculi
mouth- orbicularis oris
What nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression (also what number is it)?
The facial nerve (VII)
What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve?
opthalmic (Va)
Maxillary (Vb)
mandibular (Vc)
What nerves supply sensation to the face
Va, Vb and Vc
What are the branches of the facial nerve?
To Zanibar By Motor Car
- Temporal
- Zygomatic
- Buccal
- Marginal mandibular
- Cervical
What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?
omohydoid- medial aspect
digastric- superior aspect
sternocleidomastoid- lateral aspect
What innervates the trapezius muscle?
acessory nerve (CNXI)
What makes up the boundaries of the posterior triangle?
SCM- medial
trapezius- lateral
clavical- inferior
platysma- roof
What runs in carotid triangle?
Caroitid artery medial, IJV lateral, vagus nerve posterior
From inside to out, list the fascial layers of the neck
- Skin
- Superficial fascia
- Investing layer
- Pretracheal layer
- Prevertebral layer
- Carotid sheath
Which fascial layer invests the SCM?
the investing layer
Do the vertebral muscles lay inside or outside the prevertebral fascia?
inside
Where is the buccopharygeal fascia?
It is the posterior side of the Pretracheal fascia
Describe the retropharygeal space
A space behind the buccopharygeal fascia, infront of the pretracheal fascia and between the two cartoid fascia.
Whats the significance of the retropharyngeal space?
Infections of this area can spread to the mediastinum, which can bee life threatening. An abcess of this space can cause a sore throat, dysphagia, a tempreature and stridor (wheezing).
It is common in children after an upper resp tract infection due to how their lymphnodes are arranged.
What are the 5 layers of the scalp?
- Skin
- dense Connective tissue
- epicranial Aponeurosis
- Loose connective tissue
- Periosteum
How can cuts to the scalp develop into meningitis?
- Wound becomes infected
- Bacteria travel into meninges though skull via emmissary veins
What is the posterior side of the head/ scalp (from ears back) innervated by?
C2/ cervical nerves
Why do deep cuts of the scalp bleed so profusely?
- pull of occipitofrontalis prevents closure of bleeding vessels and the surrounding the skin
- Blood vessels are closely adhered to the CT so they cannot close easily
- Blood supply to the head has many anastmtopes
Why is a subperiosteal haematoma (cephalohaematoma) in a newborn following labour not a risk to the babies brain?
The bleeding will spread within the subperiosteal layer but not further than the suture lines of the skull
Why does blood collect under eyes causing bruising after trauma? What is this type of haemorrhage called?
- Veins in loos CT break
- Blood tracks anteriorly over periosteum but under aponeruosis under gravity
- Blood reaches insertion of occipitalis around eyes and collects at this point as it cannot move further
- subgaleal haemorrhage
Describe the bleeding and presentation of a caput succedaneum haemorrhage
- presents with large well circumcised lump on head following blunt force trauma
- bleeding in dense CT layer (venous as these ruputre more easily)
- Lots of blood comes out quick but not able to move/ travel far as CT is so dense so lump forms
What nerves are venerable during fractures to the mandible and what is their function?
Lingual nerve (runs behind, not in it)- it is a branch of the mandibular trigeminal nerve and carries sensory to the anterior 2/3 tongue and also taste fibres from the facial nerve to the anterior 2/3 tongue. Inferior alveolar nerve runs within the mandible, it innervates all teeth on the ipsilateral side. It also gives off a mental nerve branch which supplies the skin of the chin, labia mucosa, gingiviae, and mucous membrane of the lower lip
