Oestology

Question 1

Name the bones shown in the diagram

Answer 1

light blue= parietal

Dark blue= occipital

Orange= frontal

Reddy orange= mandible

red= temporal

purple= sphenoid

yellow= maxilla

bright green= zygomatic

dark green= nasal

Question 2

Name the bones in the diagram

Answer 2

Purple= sphenoid and nasal

yellow= frontal

orange= maxilla

blue= zygomatic

green= ethmoid

red= lacrimal

Small yellow section of inner orbit= palatine

Question 3

Name the bones in the attached image

Answer 3

Blue= frontal

Yellow= sphenoid

red= temporal

purple= ethmoid

orange= occipital

green= parietal

Question 4

Where is the bleeding in a caput succedaneum?

Answer 4

In the dense CT layer, above the occipital apponeurosis

Question 5

What is the name for an extracranial bleed below the periosteal layer of the scalp?

Answer 5

Caphalohaematoma

Question 6

Cephalohaematoma are common in babies during brith, why are they not a danger to the baby?

Answer 6

They will not spread beyond suture lines so cannot track intracranially and cause damage to the brain

Question 7

What is the name for an extra cranial bleed below the epicranial aponeurosis?

Answer 7

a subgaleal bleed- this is in the loose CT so blood is easily able to track down the face and cause raccon eyes as it gets trapped under the insertion of the aponeurosis

Question 8

What is the difference between a extra/ epidural bleed and a subdural bleed?

Answer 8

Extra/ epidural is a bleed between the periosteal dura layer and the skull

Subdural bleed is a bleed between the arachnoid and the meningeal dura

Question 9

What is the commonest vessel to reputure in an extra dural and subdural haemorrhage?

Answer 9

Subdural= bridging veins which drain blood from the meninges to the venous sinuses

Extradural= middle meningeal artery

Question 10

What is the most likely vessle to have ruptured in a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

Answer 10

a branch of the circle of willis

Question 11

What are the names for the 3 levels of the base of the skull?

Answer 11

the posterior, middle and anterior cranial fossa

Question 12

What type of bleed is this? explain its appearance?

Answer 12

extra/ epidural haemorrhage

It is lemon shaped because the blood cannot spread further than suture lines because the periosteum is attached here. This means the blood fills up and into the brain rather than around the skull.

Question 13

Give 5 signs which may indicate a basillar skull fracture?

Answer 13

• battle sign
• raccon eyes
• haemotympanum (blood behind ear drum)
• CSF rhinorrhea (CSF leaking from nose)
• CSF otorrheoa (CSF leaking from ear)

Question 14

How do basilar skull fractures occur?

Answer 14

significant force is transmitted to the base of the skull through the cranial floor

Question 15

What is the proper name for the skull cap?

Answer 15

calveria

Question 16

What is the pterion?

Answer 16

A thin part of the skull at the temple where the sphenoid, parietal, temporal and frontal bones meet. The middle meningeal artery runs just below it so is venerable

Question 17

Which facial bones are prone to fracture?

Answer 17

nasal, zygomatic and mandible (all protude and are less dense)

Question 18

Why does a blow to the supra orbital ridge/ supracillary arch not tend to break the frontal bone?

Answer 18

Because it is so dense, instead the skin above it is prone to splitting.

Question 19

What are the 3 layers of the skull?

Answer 19

• outer table
• diploeic layer (spongey bone)
• inner table

Question 20

What are the 3 suture lines on top of the skull called?

Answer 20

Coronal, saggital and lamboid

Question 21

What are the names for the anterior and posterior frontenells once theyve ossified?

Answer 21

the anterior= the bregma

the posterior= lambda

Question 22

How long does it take the anterior and posterior frontenelles to ossify?

Answer 22

anterior= 9 to 18 months

Posterior- within 3 months

Question 23

Where does the lateral ligament of the TPM joint run?

Answer 23

Zygomatic arch to posterior neck and ramus of mandible