Functional neuroanatomy Flashcards
What myelinates the CNS and PNS?
CNS= oligodendricties
PNS= Schwann cells
Describe what is responsible for immune protection of the CNS and PNS?
CNS= microglial cells and immune privelidge (CNS sheilded from rest of immune system)
PNS= same as rest of body
What is decussation?
The crossing of neurones so that the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body and visa verca
Where does decussation not occur?
The cerebellum
What 3 structures make up the brain stem?
The midbrain (blue), pons (red) and medulla (purple)
What roles do each of the structures of the midbrain perform?
Midbrain= eye movements, reflex responses to sound and visison
Pons= feeding and sleeping
Medulla= cardiovsular and respiratory centers, also major motor pathway
What is the difference between a gyrus, sulcus and fissue?
gyrus= ridges or folds in the brain
Sulci= groves between the gryi
Fissue= large crack or split between adjuacent areas of the brain
What structures make up the hindbrain?
The cerebellum, pons and medulla
What structures make up the forebrain?
the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus and hypothalamus
Name the lobes 4/5 of the brain
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital lobes + some say cerebellum is a lobe
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
Motor control, higher cognition and speach
What is the parietal lobe responsible for?
sensation and proprioception
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
memory, smell and hearing
What are the major functions of the cerebellum and occipital lobes?
Cerebellum= coordination
Occipital lobes= vision
Describe which parts of the central gyrus control which parts of the body?
From top down:
knee, leg, hip, trunk, head and neck (sensory gyrus only), tunk, shoulders, arm, elbow, hands, neck (motor), browns, eyes, nose, lips, jaw, tongue, pharynx/ swallowing
What and where is the uncus?
Its a part of the temporal lobe which lies close to the midbrain and is prone to herniation, affecting the midbrain
What is the corpus callosum?
a region of the brain with fibres connecting the two hemispheres together (white matter)
What are the vermis and tonsils of the cerebellum?
Vermis= septum in between the two cerebellar hemispheres
Tonsils= notches on the bottom of each hemisphere
What are the cerebellar folds called?
folia
Give 4 signs of cerebellar injury?
- unsteadiness of limb and intention tremour
- unable to judge distances
- slurred speach
- hypotonia
What are the 6 signs of cerebellar injury/ alcohol intoxication (which affects cerebellum function)?
DANISH
D- dysmetia (unable to judge distances) or dysdiakokinesis (unable to perform fast repetative motions)
A- ataxia (unsteadiness of limb)
N- nystagmus (eyes flickering at edge of lateral gaze)
I- Intention tremour
S- slurred speech
H- hypotonia
