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[MT] Lesson 7: The Nervous System, The Eye, And The Ear > The Eye Pathology > Flashcards

The Eye Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Ophthalmologist

A

Medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of eye conditions and diseases

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2
Q

Ophthalmology

A

Branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the eye and surrounding structures

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3
Q

Optician

A

Person trained in grinding and fitting corrective lenses

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4
Q

Optometrist

A

Doctor of optometry

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5
Q

Optometry

A

Medical profession specializing in examining the eyes, testing visual acuity, and prescribing corrective lenses

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6
Q

Blepharoptosis

A

Drooping eyelid

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7
Q

Cycloplegia

A

Paralysis of the ciliary body. This affects changing the shape of the lens to bring images into focus

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8
Q

Diplopia

A

Condition of seeing double

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9
Q

Emmetropia (EM)

A

State of normal vision

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10
Q

Iridoplegia

A

Paralysis of the iris. This affects changing the size of the pupil to regulate the amount of light entering the eye

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11
Q

Nyctalopia

A

Difficulty seeing in dim light; also called ‘night blindness.’ Usually due to damaged rods

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12
Q

Ophthalmalgia

A

Eye pain

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13
Q

Ophthalmoplegia

A

Paralysis of one or more of the extraocular eye muscles

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14
Q

Ophthalmorrhagia

A

Bleeding from the eye

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15
Q

Papilledema

A

Swelling of the optic disk. Often as a result of increased intraocular pressure. Also called ‘choked disk.’

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16
Q

Photophobia

A

Although the term translates into ‘fear of light,’ it actually means a strong sensitivity to bright light

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17
Q

Presbyopia

A

Visual loss due to old age, resulting in difficulty in focusing for near vision (such as reading)

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18
Q

Scleromalacia

A

Softening of the sclera

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19
Q

Xerophthalmia

A

Dry eyes

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20
Q

Achromatopsia

A

Condition of color blindness–unable to perceive one or more colors; more common in males

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21
Q

Amblyopia

A

Loss of vision not as a result of eye pathology. Usually occurs in patients who see two images. In order to see only one image, the brain will no longer recognize the image being sent to it by one of the eyes. May occur if strabismus is not corrected. This condition is not treatable with a prescription lens. Commonly referred to as ‘lazy eye.’

22
Q

Astigmatism (Astigm)

A

Condition in which light rays are focused unevenly on the retina, causing a distorted image, due to an abnormal curvature of the cornea

23
Q

Cataract

A

Damage to the lens causing it to become opaque or cloudy, resulting in diminished vision. Treatment is usually surgical removal of the cataract or replacement of the lens

24
Q

Corneal Abrasion

A

Scraping injury to the cornea. If it does not heal, it may develop into an ulcer

25
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increase in intraocular pressure, which, if untreated, may result in atrophy (wasting away) of the optic nerve and blindness. Glaucoma is treated with medication and surgery. There is an increased risk of developing glaucoma in persons over age 60, of African ancestry, who have sustained a serious eye injury, and in anyone with a family history of diabetes or glaucoma

26
Q

Hyperopia

A

With this condition a person can see things in the distance but has trouble reading material at close range. Also known as ‘farsightedness.’ This condition is corrected with converging or bio-convex lenses

27
Q

Iritis

A

Inflammation of the iris

28
Q

Keratitis

A

Inflammation of the cornea

29
Q

Legally Blind

A

Describes a person who has severely impaired vision. Usually defined as having visual acuity of 20/200 that cannot be improved with corrective lenses or having a visual field of less than 20 degrees

30
Q

Macular Degeneration

A

Deterioration of the macular area of the retina of the eye. May be treated with laser surgery to destroy the blood vessels beneath the macula

31
Q

Monochromatism

A

Unable to perceive one color

32
Q

Myopia (MY)

A

With this condition a person can see things close up but distance vision is blurred. Also known as ‘nearsightedness.’ This condition is corrected with diverging or bi-concave lenses. Named because persons with myopia often partially shut their eyes, squint, in order to see better

33
Q

Oculomycosis

A

Fungus infection of the eye

34
Q

Retinal Detachment

A

Occurs when the retina becomes separated from the choroid layer. This separation seriously damages blood vessels and nerves, resulting in blindness. May be treated with surgical or medical procedures to stabilize the retina and prevent separation

35
Q

Retinitis Pigmentosa

A

Progressive disease of the eye resulting in the retina becoming hard (sclerosed), pigmented (colored), and atrophying (wasting away). There is no known cure for this condition

36
Q

Retinoblastoma

A

Malignant eye tumor occurring in children, usually under the age of 3. Requires enucleation

37
Q

Retinopathy

A

General term for disease affecting the retina

38
Q

Scleritis

A

Inflammation of the sclera

39
Q

Uveitis

A

Inflammation of the choroid layer

40
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva usually as the result of a bacterial infection. Commonly called ‘pinkeye.’

41
Q

Pterygium

A

Hypertrophied conjunctival tissue in the inner corner of the eye

42
Q

Blepharitis

A

Inflammation of the eyelid

43
Q

Hordeolum

A

Refers to a ‘stye (or sty),’ a small purulent inflammatory infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid; treated with hot compresses and/or surgical incision

44
Q

Dacryoadenitis

A

Inflammation of the lacrimal gland

45
Q

Dacryocystitis

A

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac

46
Q

Esotropia (ST)

A

Inward turning of the eye; also called ‘cross-eyed.’ An example of a form of strabismus (muscle weakness of the eye)

47
Q

Exotropia (XT)

A

Outward turning of the eye; also called ‘wall-eyed.’ Also
an example of strabismus (muscle weakness of the
eye)

48
Q

Strabismus

A

Eye muscle weakness commonly seen in children resulting in the eyes looking in different directions at the same time. May be corrected with glasses, eye exercises, and/or surgery

49
Q

Hemianopia

A

Loss of vision in half of the visual field. A stroke patient may suffer from this disorder

50
Q

Nystagmus

A

Jerky-appearing involuntary eye movements, usually left and right. Often an indication of brain injury

[MT] Lesson 7: The Nervous System, The Eye, And The Ear (30 decks)

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