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Physiology semester 2 > The Eye Ch 50 > Flashcards

The Eye Ch 50 Flashcards

Optics of vision

1
Q

Light travel speed air vs solids/liquids

A

Light travels rapidly through air and much slower through solds and liquids

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2
Q

Refractive index

A

specific to various media

rays bend if refractive index of new media is different

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3
Q

Refraction

A

angulated interface - rays bend if refractive index of new media is different

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4
Q

The direction in which light travels is _____ to the plane of the wave front

A

perpendicular

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5
Q

Convex lends causes

A

convergence of light

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6
Q

Focal point

A

All rays pass through this single point

Most clear, distinct image

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7
Q

Concave lens

A

Rays diverge (no focal point of rays)

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8
Q

Focal length

A

distance beyond convex lens where convergence takes place

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9
Q

Image formation: how many points of light source?

A

2

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10
Q

Image formation (3 steps)

A
  1. Light rays come to a point of focus on opposite side of lens
  2. Image is upside-down- lateral sides are reversed
  3. Brain flips image
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11
Q

4 refractive surfaces of eye

A
  1. Air and anterior surface of cornea
  2. Posterior cornea and aqueous humor
  3. Aqueous humor and anterior surface of lens
  4. Posterior surface of lens and vitreous humor
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12
Q

Refractive power of a lens is measured in

A

diopters

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13
Q

Accomodation

A

internal lens changes shape to provide

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14
Q

Lens role

A

focus image on retina (inverted and reversed)

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15
Q

What is responsible for lens accomodation

A

CN III, nerve nucleus

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16
Q

Presbyopia

A

lens grow larger, thicker and less elastic as we age (cant accommodate as well)

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17
Q

What physically causes/allows accommodation?

A
  1. Suspensory ligaments pull out = lens remains flat
  2. Ciliary muscles contract to release ligament tension = lens more spherical
18
Q

Emmetropia

A

Normal, light rays are in sharp focus on retina

19
Q

Hyperopia

A

Farsightedness: short eyeball, light rays are not bent enough my the time light hits retina (focal point is behind retina)

20
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsightedness: eye ball too long, light rays focused in front of retina

21
Q

Hyperopia fix:

A

Convex lenses

22
Q

Myopia fix:

A

concave lenses

23
Q

Small pupillary apeture

A

greater depth of focus

24
Q

Large pupillary apeture

A

Blur circles

25
Q

Astigmatism

A

Refractive error of the eye due to curvature of the cornea in one plane

accommodation is not able to compensate

26
Q

Contact lenses work by

A

nullifying refraction of anterior surface of cornea

27
Q

Cataracts MOA and correction

A

Proteins of lens fibers become denatured and coagulate

correction: surgical removal of lens, plastic lens implanted

28
Q

Visual acuity is

A

Resolution

distinguishes 1 vs 2 things

29
Q

Highest area in eye of visual acuity is ____

A

Fovea aka Macula lutea (in center of retina)

30
Q

Why is fovea/macula lutea the area of highest visual acuity?

A

High concentration of cones

31
Q

Binocular vision allows for

A

Depth

32
Q

Depth involves (2)

A
  1. Size of images of known objects
  2. moving parallax, stereopsis
33
Q

Role of intraocular fluid

A

maintains pressure to keep eyeball distended

34
Q

Aqueos humor location

A

front of lens

35
Q

Aqueous humor flows through

A

pupil into anterior chamber

36
Q

Vitreous humor location

A

behind lens - gelatinous mass

37
Q

Vitreous humor flow

A

no flow - fluids can diffuse

38
Q

Normal intraocular pressure

A

15 mmHg

39
Q

Intracocular pressure is maintained by

A

aqueous humor flow

40
Q

Glaucoma

A

intraocular pressure becomes too high, can lead to blindness

41
Q

Glaucoma MOA

A

Resistance to fluid outflow d/t acute inflammation or dissue debris

Physiology semester 2 (7 decks)

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