The Eye and Systemic Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy?

A
  1. Chronic hyperglycaemia
  2. Glycosylation of protein/basement membrane
  3. Loss of pericytes
  4. Microaneurysm
  5. Leakage and ischaemia
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2
Q

The following signs are characteristic of what?

  • Microaneurysms
  • Hard exudate
  • Cotton wool patches
  • Dot haemorrhages
  • Abnormalities of venous calibre
  • Intra-retinal microvascular abnormalities
A

Non-proliferative retinopathy

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3
Q

Why does the chance of retinal detachment increase with proliferative retinopathy?

A

Haemorrhaged vessels leads to fibrotic healing

Leads to contracture and retinal detachment

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4
Q

Why may patients with Rubeosis iridis have raised IOP?

A

New vessels grow into and block trabecual rmeshwork prevent drainage of aqueous humour

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5
Q

How do diabetic patients lose vision?

A
  1. Retinal oedema affceting fovea
  2. Vitreous haemorrhage
  3. Scarring/tractional retinal detachment
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6
Q

What are the two types of retinopathy?

A
  1. Non-proliferative
  2. Proliferative
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7
Q

How is diabeteic maculopathy treated?

A
  1. Optimaise diabetic management
  2. Laser
  3. Vitrectomy
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8
Q

The following signs are characteristic of what?

  • Attenuated blood vessels - copper or silver wiring
  • Cotton wool spots
  • Hard exudates
  • Retinal haemorrhage
  • Optic disc oedema
A

Hypertensive retinopathy

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9
Q

Which pathology will have vision loss which is painless yet very profound?

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

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10
Q

Giant cell arteritis is associated with which other condition?

A

Polymyalgia rheumatica

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11
Q

What is the most common cause of unilateral and bilateral proptosis?

A

Thyroid eye disease

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12
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome consists of which triad?

A
  1. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
  2. Xerostomia (dry mouth)
  3. Rheumatoid arthritis
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13
Q

How does Stevens-Johnson syndrome affect the eyes?

A
  1. Symblepharon
  2. Occlusion of lacrimal glands
  3. Corneal ulcers
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14
Q

How can Marfan’s syndrome affect the eyes?

A
  1. Short sighted
  2. Lens dislocation
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