The Eye and Systemic Disease Flashcards
What is the basic pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy?
- Chronic hyperglycaemia
- Glycosylation of protein/basement membrane
- Loss of pericytes
- Microaneurysm
- Leakage and ischaemia
The following signs are characteristic of what?
- Microaneurysms
- Hard exudate
- Cotton wool patches
- Dot haemorrhages
- Abnormalities of venous calibre
- Intra-retinal microvascular abnormalities
Non-proliferative retinopathy
Why does the chance of retinal detachment increase with proliferative retinopathy?
Haemorrhaged vessels leads to fibrotic healing
Leads to contracture and retinal detachment
Why may patients with Rubeosis iridis have raised IOP?
New vessels grow into and block trabecual rmeshwork prevent drainage of aqueous humour
How do diabetic patients lose vision?
- Retinal oedema affceting fovea
- Vitreous haemorrhage
- Scarring/tractional retinal detachment
What are the two types of retinopathy?
- Non-proliferative
- Proliferative
How is diabeteic maculopathy treated?
- Optimaise diabetic management
- Laser
- Vitrectomy
The following signs are characteristic of what?
- Attenuated blood vessels - copper or silver wiring
- Cotton wool spots
- Hard exudates
- Retinal haemorrhage
- Optic disc oedema
Hypertensive retinopathy
Which pathology will have vision loss which is painless yet very profound?
Central retinal artery occlusion
Giant cell arteritis is associated with which other condition?
Polymyalgia rheumatica
What is the most common cause of unilateral and bilateral proptosis?
Thyroid eye disease
Sjogren’s syndrome consists of which triad?
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
- Xerostomia (dry mouth)
- Rheumatoid arthritis
How does Stevens-Johnson syndrome affect the eyes?
- Symblepharon
- Occlusion of lacrimal glands
- Corneal ulcers
How can Marfan’s syndrome affect the eyes?
- Short sighted
- Lens dislocation
