Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ophthalmology > Ocular Pharamacology > Flashcards

Ocular Pharamacology Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of drugs can penetrate the epithelium of the eye?

A

Lipid soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hydrophobic drugs are limited in their absorption into the eye by what?

A

Stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which steroid is commonly used in the uninflamed cornea?

A

Prednisolone acetate

(Hydrophobic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which steroid is commonly used for cornea disease or when low dose steroids are required?

A

Prednisolone phosphate

(Hydrophilic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is prednisolone phosphate easily washed away by tears in the eye?

A

It cannot diffuse easily through the lipid tear film as it is hydrophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which drug can aid the penetration of some hydrophilic drugs?

A

Benzalkonium

(disrupts lipid layer of tear film)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What may Bimatoprost be used for?

A

Lowering IOP in glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which segment of the eye will be affected if an intracameral drug is used?

A

Anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which anti-inflammatory agents can be used in the eye?

A
  1. Steroids
  2. Topical NSAIDs
  3. Anti-histamines
  4. Mast cell stabilises
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When are topical steroids most commonly used?

A
  1. Post operation cataracts
  2. Uveitis
  3. Prevent corneal graft rejection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which local effects in the eye can result from steroid use?

A
  1. Cataracts (steroids can be used anywhere in the body for this to occur)
  2. Glaucoma
  3. Exacerbation of viral infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name some systemic side effects of steroids

A
  1. Gastric ulcers
  2. Immunosuppression
  3. Osteoporosis
  4. Weight gain
  5. Diabetes
  6. Neuropsychiatric effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

Group of diseases characterised by progressive optic neuropathy and characteristic visual field defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does Latanoprost work to treat glaucoma?

A

Opens outflow system

(increases sclera’s permeability to aqueous fluid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do beta blockers treat glaucoma?

A

Turns tap off

(Reduced amount of aqueous humour produced by ciliary body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors treat glaucoma?

A

Turns off tap

(Reduces amount of aqueous humour produced)

17
Q

How do alpha2 adrenergic agonists treat glaucoma?

A

Turns tap off

(inhibits activity of adenylate cyclase reducing cAMP and aqueous humour production by the ciliary body)

18
Q

How do parasympathomimetic drugs treat glaucoma?

A

Opens outflow system

(activates cholinergic receptors of the muscarinic type. Causes trabecular meshwork to open and the aqueous humor to drain)

19
Q

Name a prostanoid drug used to treat glaucoma

A

Latanoprost

20
Q

Name a beta blocker used to treat glaucoma

A
  1. Timolol
  2. Betaxolol
  3. Levobunolol
  4. Carteolol
21
Q

Name a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor drug used to treat glaucoma

A

Dorzolamide (topical)

Acetazolamide (systemic)

22
Q

Name an alpha2 adrenergic agonist drug used to treat glaucoma

A

Brimonidine

23
Q

Name a parasympathomimetic drug used to treat glaucoma

A

Pilocarpine

24
Q

Which mode of administration is used to deliver antibiotics to the eye during endophthalmitis?

A

Intravitreal

25
Q

What is the basic pathophysiology behind wet macular degeneration?

A

Development of new blood vessels growing from the choroid to the macula

There vessels are weak and often haemorrhage

26
Q

How is wet macular degeneration generally treated?

A

Anti-VEGF

27
Q

Name a mydriatic drug

A

Tropicamide

Cyclopentolate

28
Q

What is cycloplegia?

A

Paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye

(lens cannot change in shape to accomodate)

29
Q

Which drug is known to cause optic neuropathy?

A

Ethambutol

30
Q

Which drugs can deposit in the cornea, yet does not cause any issues?

A

Amiodarone

31
Q

How will a patient with acute closed angle glaucoma present?

A
  1. Severe pain
  2. Nausea
  3. Vomiting
  4. Red eyes
  5. Headache
32
Q

How can acute closed angle glaucoma be treated?

A
  1. Acetazolamide
  2. Mannitol (hyper-osmotic agent)

Ophthalmology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions