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MCBM EXAM 4 > The Extracellular Matrix > Flashcards

The Extracellular Matrix Flashcards

1
Q

Extracellular matrix is synthesized and secreted locally by

A

neighboring cells

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2
Q

Most of the extracellular matrix is secreted by what type of connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts

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3
Q

Fibroblasts give rise to which of the following: choose all that apply

Chondroblasts (cartilage)
Osteroblasts (Bone)
Odontoblasts (Dentin)
Enamel (ameloblasts)

A

Chondroblasts (cartilage)
Osteroblasts (Bone)
Odontoblasts (Dentin)

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4
Q 
What structure are these a part of:
Epithelia
muscle
Fat 
Schwann cell
A

Basement membrane

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5
Q

What is the most abundant structural component of ECM?

A

Collagen

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6
Q

What is the most abundant protein in the body? (about ___% of your weight)

A

Collagen, 30

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7
Q

While skin, cornea, cartilage, cortical bone, & aorta have (a little/a lot) of collagen, the liver has (a little/a lot) of collagen.

A

a lot, a little

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8
Q

Give the percentage of collagen on each:
Skin ___%
Cartilage ___%
Bone ___%

A

75, 50, 25

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9
Q

100,000 daltons is the molecular weight of

A

collagen

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10
Q

T/F: collagen is a true alpha helix

A

FALSE: Left-handed helix

Specialized “collagen helix”

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11
Q

Collagen is composed of 35% ___ AA

A

Glycine

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12
Q

Glycine gives collagen its

A

Rigidity and tight binding

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13
Q

Glycine is a (standard/nonstandard) AA

A

nonstandard

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14
Q

While glycine helps with rigidity of collagen, so does this AA due to its ring structure

A

proline

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15
Q

Helix breakers (AA)

A

Glycine and proline

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16
Q

Gly-X-Pro, or Gly-X-hydroxypro

A

glycine forms in collagen

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17
Q

What two AA are not found in collagen?

A

Tryptophan and cysteine (not nutritious)

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18
Q

There is a high content of hydroxylated _____(AA) and _____(AA) in collagen that is useful for quantifying collagen content

A

OH-pro/ OH-Lys

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19
Q

What is the structure called when you have 3 helical strands wrapped around each other?

A

Tropocollagen

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20
Q

Tropocollagen _______ arrange themselves in staggered array of parallel bundles

A

Fibrils

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21
Q

Striations caused by the alignment of every 4th molecule is visible by

A

EM

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22
Q

What happens if you have a vitamin C deficiency? What AA is affected? How does that affect your collagen?

A
  • Proline cannot be hydroxylated

- deterioration

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23
Q

Cross linkage of tropocollagen is made possible by?

A

lysinonorleucine

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24
Q

lysinonorleucine is a (standard/nonstandard) AA

A

nonstandard

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25
Q

Production of lysinonorleucine requires the enzyme _____ and it made through a _____ reaction

A

Lysyl amino oxidase

Dehydration/ condensation

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26
Q

Name the cofactor of Lysyl amino oxidase

A

Vitamin B6, sometimes copper

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27
Q

In most cases, alpha chains of collagen will only form a triple helix with a member of the (same/different) subfamily

A

same

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28
Q

Some collagens contain 3 copies of a same alpha chain, while others will have __ or __ different subfamily members

A

2,3

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29
Q

Fibril forming fibers are mainly from the (same/different) alpha chain subfamily

A

same

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30
Q

Basement membrane collagens are mainly composed of type (I/II/III/IV) collagen?

A

IV

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31
Q

Microfibrillar collagens are mainly made of (IV, V, VI, VII) collage?

A

VI, VII

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32
Q

Microfibrillar collagens are found in the

A

eye

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33
Q

Collagens type I, II, III, V, XI are found in the

A

interstitial connective tissue

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34
Q

Collagens type I, II, III, V, XI can be major ______

A

stress bearing component of cartilage, tendons, and ligaments

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35
Q

Most abundant type of collagen

A

Type I

36
Q

Type I collagen is mostly found in ______.

A

connective tissue

37
Q

This type of collagen is a major component of bone, tendon, skin, dentin, ligament, fascia, arteries, and the uterus

A

Type I

38
Q

This type of collagen is a component of hyaline cartilage (articular surfaces)

A

Type II collagen

39
Q

Vitreous humor is mainly composed of what type of collagen?

A

Type II

40
Q

Reticular fibers are made of _____ collagen

A

Type III

41
Q

This type of collagen is present in skin, arteries, uterus, periodontal ligament, but absent or very low in bone

A

Type III

42
Q

What type of collagen is the most abundant structural component of basement membrane?

A

Type IV (4)

43
Q

Type VIII collagen is made by (basement membrane collagen)

A

endothelial cells

44
Q

Highly specialized collagen, made by chondrocytes during endochondral ossification (basement membrane collagen)

A

Type X

45
Q

These two collagens have multiple triple helix domains and interruptions. Found in basement membrane.

A

Type XV

Type XVIII

46
Q

Dumbbell shaped molecule with short helical domain and large globular domain at each end. Ubiquitously distributed in connective tissue. (Microfibrillar collagen)

A

Type VI

47
Q

This type of collagen is abundant in cornea (Microfibrillar collagen)

A

Type VI

48
Q

Longest triple helix of the collagens (450nm). (Microfibrillar collagen)

A

Type VII

49
Q

Found in anchoring fibrils of basement membrane underlying stratified epithelia. (Microfibrillar collagen)

A

Type VII

50
Q

N-terminals of each chain folded into arms and contain vWF and fibronectin repeat domains

C-terminals has small globular domain involved in microfibril assembly
(Microfibrillar collagen)

A

Type VII

51
Q

N-terminals of each chain in Type VII contains

A

vWF and fibronectin

52
Q

C-terminals of each chain in Type VII has a small globular domain involved in _____

A

microfibril assembly

53
Q

Unique collagen found in hemidesmosomes of epidermal-dermal junction

A

Collagen XVII

54
Q

______ anchor epidermis to _______ (upper/lower) layer of basement membrane

A

hemidesmosomes, upper

55
Q

Name this collagen that is a transmembrane protein

A

Collagen XVII

56
Q

The N-terminal of Collagen XVII is in the (cytoplasm/EC space), and the C-terminal is a flexible (cytosomal/extracellular) rod

A

cytoplasm, extracellular

57
Q

Collagen triple helix are relatively (sensitive/resistant) to proteolytic enzymes?

A

resistant

58
Q

Specific _______ hydrolyze collagen peptide bonds

A

collagenases

59
Q

What is cleaved denatured collaged called?

A

gelatin

60
Q

What is the enzyme that degrades gelatin?

A

gelatinases

61
Q

This is a class of enzymes that degrades collagen using collagenase, gelatinase, stromelysin (proteoglycans).

A

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)

62
Q

What ion do matrix metalloproteinases include?

A

Zn2+

63
Q

Cells secrete a dimer of 2 large monomers linked neat C-terminals by disulfide bonds (Y shaped, 50nm)

A

Fibronectin Network

64
Q

The N-terminal of fibronectin contains _____ cell-binding domain and ____ binding domain

A

RGD, Heparin

65
Q

Fibronectin is stabilized by ________ cross-linking

A

transglutaminases

66
Q

While cells are needed for (collagen/fibronectin) assembly, they are not needed for (collagen/fibronectin) assembly

A

fibronectin, collagen

67
Q

connective tissues are elastic because of

A

Elastin fibers

68
Q

Elastic fibers are an amorphous with __% of its material being

A

elastin

69
Q

Elastic fibers are a ____ stranded helices referred to as_____. This (is/ is not) a true helices?

A

Triple

tropoelastin

70
Q

Elastin is rich in what 3 AA?

A

glycine. alanine, lysine

71
Q

Elastic fibers crosslink via

A

desmosines

72
Q

In the basement membrane _________ forms an extensive, partially cross-linked network

A

Collagen IV

73
Q

In the basement membrane ________ and ________ forms a second extensive network

A

Laminin I + nidogen

Note: nidogen binds to collagen IV linking two networks

74
Q

In the basement membrane _________ intermix with networks and the proteins bind to it, binding everything together.

A

Proteoglycans

75
Q

In the basement membrane _________ bind nidogen, laminin 5, fibronectin, and collagen IV

A

Fibulins

76
Q

In the basement membrane ________ binds to collagens. They are highly cross-linked network

A

Fibronectin

77
Q

ECM contributes to

A

cell signaling

78
Q

____ proteins interact with ECM proteins

A

Integrin

79
Q

____ movement of the ECM is sensed by intracellular molecules such as cytoskeletal components via changes in integrin conformation

A

mechanical

80
Q

Signals from ECM to the inside of the cell is transduced to the nucleus by clusters of integrins called ______ and _______

A

focal adhesions

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK)

81
Q

Preprocollagen is a signal peptide that is cleaved and the registration peptides attach ___ to ___ and ___.

A

OH, proline, lysine

The proline and lysine become hydroxylated

82
Q

Procollagen forms a triple helix with ______ which keep the triple helix soluble

A

registration peptides

83
Q

Registration peptides are cleaved from procollagen to form insoluble what?

A

Tropocollagen

84
Q

Tropocollagen aggregates to form what?

A

fibrils

85
Q

Fibrils crosslink via what?

A

Lysinonorleucine

86
Q

What collagens are found in the eye

A

I, II, IV, VI

MCBM EXAM 4 (9 decks)

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