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MCBM EXAM 4 > The Extracellular Matrix > Flashcards

The Extracellular Matrix Flashcards

1
Q

Extracellular matrix is synthesized and secreted locally by

A

neighboring cells

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2
Q

Most of the extracellular matrix is secreted by what type of connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts

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3
Q

Fibroblasts give rise to which of the following: choose all that apply

Chondroblasts (cartilage)
Osteroblasts (Bone)
Odontoblasts (Dentin)
Enamel (ameloblasts)

A

Chondroblasts (cartilage)
Osteroblasts (Bone)
Odontoblasts (Dentin)

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4
Q 
What structure are these a part of:
Epithelia
muscle
Fat 
Schwann cell
A

Basement membrane

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5
Q

What is the most abundant structural component of ECM?

A

Collagen

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6
Q

What is the most abundant protein in the body? (about ___% of your weight)

A

Collagen, 30

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7
Q

While skin, cornea, cartilage, cortical bone, & aorta have (a little/a lot) of collagen, the liver has (a little/a lot) of collagen.

A

a lot, a little

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8
Q

Give the percentage of collagen on each:
Skin ___%
Cartilage ___%
Bone ___%

A

75, 50, 25

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9
Q

100,000 daltons is the molecular weight of

A

collagen

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10
Q

T/F: collagen is a true alpha helix

A

FALSE: Left-handed helix

Specialized “collagen helix”

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11
Q

Collagen is composed of 35% ___ AA

A

Glycine

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12
Q

Glycine gives collagen its

A

Rigidity and tight binding

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13
Q

Glycine is a (standard/nonstandard) AA

A

nonstandard

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14
Q

While glycine helps with rigidity of collagen, so does this AA due to its ring structure

A

proline

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15
Q

Helix breakers (AA)

A

Glycine and proline

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16
Q

Gly-X-Pro, or Gly-X-hydroxypro

A

glycine forms in collagen

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17
Q

What two AA are not found in collagen?

A

Tryptophan and cysteine (not nutritious)

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18
Q

There is a high content of hydroxylated _____(AA) and _____(AA) in collagen that is useful for quantifying collagen content

A

OH-pro/ OH-Lys

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19
Q

What is the structure called when you have 3 helical strands wrapped around each other?

A

Tropocollagen

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20
Q

Tropocollagen _______ arrange themselves in staggered array of parallel bundles

A

Fibrils

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21
Q

Striations caused by the alignment of every 4th molecule is visible by

A

EM

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22
Q

What happens if you have a vitamin C deficiency? What AA is affected? How does that affect your collagen?

A
  • Proline cannot be hydroxylated

- deterioration

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23
Q

Cross linkage of tropocollagen is made possible by?

A

lysinonorleucine

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24
Q

lysinonorleucine is a (standard/nonstandard) AA

A

nonstandard

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25
Production of lysinonorleucine requires the enzyme _____ and it made through a _____ reaction
Lysyl amino oxidase | Dehydration/ condensation
26
Name the cofactor of Lysyl amino oxidase
Vitamin B6, sometimes copper
27
In most cases, alpha chains of collagen will only form a triple helix with a member of the (same/different) subfamily
same
28
Some collagens contain 3 copies of a same alpha chain, while others will have __ or __ different subfamily members
2,3
29
Fibril forming fibers are mainly from the (same/different) alpha chain subfamily
same
30
Basement membrane collagens are mainly composed of type (I/II/III/IV) collagen?
IV
31
Microfibrillar collagens are mainly made of (IV, V, VI, VII) collage?
VI, VII
32
Microfibrillar collagens are found in the
eye
33
Collagens type I, II, III, V, XI are found in the
interstitial connective tissue
34
Collagens type I, II, III, V, XI can be major ______
stress bearing component of cartilage, tendons, and ligaments
35
Most abundant type of collagen
Type I
36
Type I collagen is mostly found in ______.
connective tissue
37
This type of collagen is a major component of bone, tendon, skin, dentin, ligament, fascia, arteries, and the uterus
Type I
38
This type of collagen is a component of hyaline cartilage (articular surfaces)
Type II collagen
39
Vitreous humor is mainly composed of what type of collagen?
Type II
40
Reticular fibers are made of _____ collagen
Type III
41
This type of collagen is present in skin, arteries, uterus, periodontal ligament, but absent or very low in bone
Type III
42
What type of collagen is the most abundant structural component of basement membrane?
Type IV (4)
43
Type VIII collagen is made by (basement membrane collagen)
endothelial cells
44
Highly specialized collagen, made by chondrocytes during endochondral ossification (basement membrane collagen)
Type X
45
These two collagens have multiple triple helix domains and interruptions. Found in basement membrane.
Type XV | Type XVIII
46
Dumbbell shaped molecule with short helical domain and large globular domain at each end. Ubiquitously distributed in connective tissue. (Microfibrillar collagen)
Type VI
47
This type of collagen is abundant in cornea (Microfibrillar collagen)
Type VI
48
Longest triple helix of the collagens (450nm). (Microfibrillar collagen)
Type VII
49
Found in anchoring fibrils of basement membrane underlying stratified epithelia. (Microfibrillar collagen)
Type VII
50
N-terminals of each chain folded into arms and contain vWF and fibronectin repeat domains C-terminals has small globular domain involved in microfibril assembly (Microfibrillar collagen)
Type VII
51
N-terminals of each chain in Type VII contains
vWF and fibronectin
52
C-terminals of each chain in Type VII has a small globular domain involved in _____
microfibril assembly
53
Unique collagen found in hemidesmosomes of epidermal-dermal junction
Collagen XVII
54
______ anchor epidermis to _______ (upper/lower) layer of basement membrane
hemidesmosomes, upper
55
Name this collagen that is a transmembrane protein
Collagen XVII
56
The N-terminal of Collagen XVII is in the (cytoplasm/EC space), and the C-terminal is a flexible (cytosomal/extracellular) rod
cytoplasm, extracellular
57
Collagen triple helix are relatively (sensitive/resistant) to proteolytic enzymes?
resistant
58
Specific _______ hydrolyze collagen peptide bonds
collagenases
59
What is cleaved denatured collaged called?
gelatin
60
What is the enzyme that degrades gelatin?
gelatinases
61
This is a class of enzymes that degrades collagen using collagenase, gelatinase, stromelysin (proteoglycans).
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)
62
What ion do matrix metalloproteinases include?
Zn2+
63
Cells secrete a dimer of 2 large monomers linked neat C-terminals by disulfide bonds (Y shaped, 50nm)
Fibronectin Network
64
The N-terminal of fibronectin contains _____ cell-binding domain and ____ binding domain
RGD, Heparin
65
Fibronectin is stabilized by ________ cross-linking
transglutaminases
66
While cells are needed for (collagen/fibronectin) assembly, they are not needed for (collagen/fibronectin) assembly
fibronectin, collagen
67
connective tissues are elastic because of
Elastin fibers
68
Elastic fibers are an amorphous with __% of its material being
elastin
69
Elastic fibers are a ____ stranded helices referred to as_____. This (is/ is not) a true helices?
Triple | tropoelastin
70
Elastin is rich in what 3 AA?
glycine. alanine, lysine
71
Elastic fibers crosslink via
desmosines
72
In the basement membrane _________ forms an extensive, partially cross-linked network
Collagen IV
73
In the basement membrane ________ and ________ forms a second extensive network
Laminin I + nidogen Note: nidogen binds to collagen IV linking two networks
74
In the basement membrane _________ intermix with networks and the proteins bind to it, binding everything together.
Proteoglycans
75
In the basement membrane _________ bind nidogen, laminin 5, fibronectin, and collagen IV
Fibulins
76
In the basement membrane ________ binds to collagens. They are highly cross-linked network
Fibronectin
77
ECM contributes to
cell signaling
78
____ proteins interact with ECM proteins
Integrin
79
____ movement of the ECM is sensed by intracellular molecules such as cytoskeletal components via changes in integrin conformation
mechanical
80
Signals from ECM to the inside of the cell is transduced to the nucleus by clusters of integrins called ______ and _______
focal adhesions | Focal adhesion kinase (FAK)
81
Preprocollagen is a signal peptide that is cleaved and the registration peptides attach ___ to ___ and ___.
OH, proline, lysine The proline and lysine become hydroxylated
82
Procollagen forms a triple helix with ______ which keep the triple helix soluble
registration peptides
83
Registration peptides are cleaved from procollagen to form insoluble what?
Tropocollagen
84
Tropocollagen aggregates to form what?
fibrils
85
Fibrils crosslink via what?
Lysinonorleucine
86
What collagens are found in the eye
I, II, IV, VI

MCBM EXAM 4 (9 decks)

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