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Social Research > The experiment > Flashcards

The experiment Flashcards

1
Q

What is an experiment?

A

Is a type of research strategy studying a particular set-up to test causality.

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2
Q

What are the Research Aims of an experiment?

A

Explanatory, Testing, Evaluative

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3
Q

Characteristics of a Random Controlled Trial

A

R: group randomisation
2 groups: control and experimental
X: stimulus (no X is placebo)
Controlled environment
Microlevel
Double blind

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4
Q

How to calculate RCT?

A

(O2-O1)x - (O2-O1)

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5
Q

Experiment in DR

A

to test hypotheses

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6
Q

Experiment in IR

A

to observe patters to come up with future theories

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7
Q

Types of variables in an experiment (apart from IV & DV)

A

Endogenous: those that are part of the experiment (intrinsic)
Exogenous: those that cannot be controlled (affecting it) because are external to the experiment.

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8
Q

Types of experiments,
Control and Reality (5)

A
  1. Lab: high control, low reality
  2. Artifactual: high control, reality
  3. Survey: low control, high reality
  4. Field: no control, high reality
  5. Natural: no control, high reality
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9
Q

What is a policy experiment?

A

A type of experiment researching in the Public Administration field.

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10
Q

Subject Considerations in a experiment

A

When dividing subjects into 2 groups randomisation is preferred.
Matching (when randomisation cannot be carried out) is based on people’s common characteristics.

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11
Q

Methodological considerations in a experiment

A

Before starting
· ecological validity (how much the environment resembles reality)
· deceive the subjects to prevent bias
· double-blind
After
· debrief the subjects (them “the truth”)

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12
Q

Experiment: simulation and gaming. What is it?
What does intend?

A

A type of quasi-experiment imitating reality by giving certain roles to people and simulating real-life situations.
· improve policies
· facilitate its implementation
· how would policies affect real life

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13
Q

What are the differences between an RCT and a Simulation experiment?

A
  1. Subjects aren’t divided into 2
  2. There are more variables included than in the RCT
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14
Q

Steps when designing a Simulation experiment (4)

A
  1. Problem Selection: Research and plan
  2. Analysis of the situation: the researcher familiarises with the situation and the possible outcomes
  3. Setting the scene
  4. Outcome & Evaluation
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15
Q

Experiments in Public Administration (Behavioural Pub. Ad.) What are these based on? (4)

A

· Microlevel
· Psychological theories
· Construction
· Hypotheses testing

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16
Q

Disadvantages of BPA (3)

A
  1. Artificial character
  2. Low ecological validity
  3. Subjects are often students (no representation of civil servants)
17
Q

Experiment’s Validity & Reliability (3)
+ Observer Effect

A
  1. Controlled environment in a lab
  2. Lowecological validity hinders generalisation
  3. Careful operationalisation due to the small number of variables

Observer Effect: subjects become used to being measured. The stimulus doesn’t provoke any reaction.

18
Q

Observation

A

Is a type of method in which the researcher observes certain phenomena/situation.

19
Q

Types of Observation (5)
HOP

A
  1. Hidden: the researcher doesn’t interact with participants and isn’t physically present.
  2. Open: the researcher doesn’t interact but is physically in the situation
  3. Participatory: both the researcher is there and interacting
  4. Structured: based on a protocol, checklist of the things he/she will observe (DR)
  5. Unstructured: no criteria of what observations will be done, pattern observation (IR)
20
Q

Steps Observing (2)

A
  1. Write down a protocol: specify what is going to be observed
  2. Coding Scheme: constructed after observations
21
Q

Advantage of Observation (1)
Disadvantages (2)

A

· Shows real-life behaviour
- Selectivity: not observing certain things (record/multiple observers)
- Going native: little subjectivity from the researcher, influencing “natural” behaviours due to his/her presence

Social Research (12 decks)

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