Quantitative Data

Question 1

What is Quantitative Data? + downsides (4)

Answer 1

Structured Data
- people cannot be measured in numbers
- isn’t as transparent
- data reduction
- lack of normal data distribution

Question 2

1. Ordering & Collecting Data in Quantitative Research

Answer 2

Data collected is noted down in the Code Book
- providing an overview of all the variables
is plotted in the Data Matrix (units: rows, variables: columns)

Question 3

2. Data Inspection in Quantitative Data

Answer 3

Data inspection is key to get rid of outlier data.
Thus, data is reduced to have a representative collection of the sample studied.
- trace back & recode

Question 4

3. Data Analysis on Quantitative Data

Answer 4

There are 2 types
1. Descriptive: focuses on the data characteristics and the correlation between these.
2. Inferential: focuses on the statistical description of the data

Question 5

3.1. Descriptive Analysis in Quantitative Data
(methods 3)

Answer 5

1. Cross tabulation: juxtaposition of 2 variables
2. Correlation: positive or negative correlation of the variables (linear relation)
3. T-Test: statistical significance of the variables

Question 6

3.2. Inferential Analysis in Quantitative Data
(methods 3)

Answer 6

1. Regression Analysis: linear relation indicating a significant effect and the magnitude of the variables.
2. Factor Analysis: correlation of variables based on 1 factor
3. Variance Analysis: systematic differences between 2 groups (pre/post test)

Question 7

4. Reporting Results in Quantitative Data
   - Conclusion
   - Type of presentation

Answer 7

If the data analysis in Descriptive, the results will be presented in tables.

If the data analysis is Inferential, the results will be presented by rejecting/confirming hypotheses.

1. What was measured?
2. How is it interpreted?

Question 8

Validity & Reliability of Quantitative Data (4)

Answer 8

1. Sample Composition & Representativeness (exclude overrepresentation).
2. Analysis suffering from statistical artefacts (exclude outliers to meet normal distribution).
3. Theoretical explanation based on statistical analysis.
4. Unexplained variance leads to further research.