The evolution of structural complexity

Question 1

define prokaryotes

Answer 1

single closed compartment that is surrounded by the plasma membrane, lack of a defined nucleus and have a simple internal organization.

Question 2

define eukaryote

Answer 2

contain a defined membrane-bound nucleus and extensive internal membranes that enclose the organelles. cell lying between the plasma membrane and the nucleus is the cytoplasm, comprising the cytosol and the organelles.

Question 3

a. outline the evolution of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell structure

Answer 3

all came from the same ancestral prokaryote

1. organic molecules formed such as amino acids and carbohydrates
2. RNA formed
3. Simple cells formed (prokaryotes)
4. some cells got bigger and engulfed other ones
   Eukaryotes formed
   - a prokaryote has no cell nucleus or membrane bound organelles
   - a eukaryote has a nucleus, membrane bound organelles and a nuclear membrane

Question 4

b. describe the hierarchical organisation of the structural components of the human body

Answer 4

cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems

Question 5

c. outline the structural complexity of mammalian tissue

Answer 5

eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles and DNA in an enclosed capsule It is surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer contain carrier and channel proteins which enables molecules to move in and out of the cell.

Eukaryotic cells can differentiate because of the ability of the DNA to selectively transcribe