The English Civil War Flashcards
(29 cards)
when did english civil war start?
1642
how long did english civil war last?
approx. 10 years
who fought in the English civil war?
(side, leader, nickname)
Royalists- King Charles 1 - cavaliers
Parliamentarians- Oliver Cromwell- round head
Cause of english civil war (economic, religious, power)
economic - taxes to flight wars - ship money 1634
religious - gov puritan - Charles marred Henrietta Maria 1625 - catholic
power - King has ‘supreme power’ ‘ divine right of god’ - dissolution of parliament 1629
Triggers religious
Irish rebellion caused by Charles 1 - burns 200,000 puritan
Scotland - Catholic prayer book forced (Scottish very protestant)
Triggers economic
coat and conduct money - high tax to support war against Scots bc of Catholic prayer book
Triggers power
Grand remonstrance - division in Parliament
Arguments over who should lead a war against Ireland
who supported royalists and why?
York, Exeter, Oxford, Shrewsbury, chester
Richer : taxes don’t affect them
who supported parliamentarians and why?
Gloucester, Hull, Manchester, Dover, Bristol, Plymouth, Leeds
> port towns were usually poorer, and they could not afford taxation
Significance of english civil war - social
160,000 soldiers and up to 40,000 civilians were killed out of a population of 6 mil , lots of people were injured mentally and physically because medicine was not very good,
New political ideas
Consequence religious
Puritan rule after Charles executed
Consequences power
Future monarchs had less power and were scared of gov, 1649 was the only time a brit monarch was executed by their own people
Consequences geog
borders of Scotland and Ireland changed, war had huge geog impact
Consequence army
New model army - promotion on merit
Why weren’t there many large battles?
too long for armies to travel
Royalists did well at start of the war bc…
…more money better leader
Land control 1642-1643
Royalists-55% Parliamentarians-45%
what happened in 1644 (turning point for roundheads) ?
Scots joined their side
Morston Moor battle (when, who won , why)
1644, parliamentarians won, element of surprise, more men, cavaliers not ready to fight
Land control 1644
Royalists- 30% Parliamentarians-70%
New Model army
-reorganised roundhead army
-New leaders -uniform - paid -trained
-promoted
Land control 1645
Royalists - 25% parliament -75%
Why did having lots of land help the roundhead?
More people, more access to food and resources
What happened in Naseby 1645?
New model army defeated Charles, killed most foot soldiers and made him retreat in 3hrs!
