British Empire Flashcards
Empire
When a country takes over and rules another country and benefits to enrich home country
Colony
Country controlled by another, settlers form controlling country living there, part of an empire
Imperialism
Policy of increasing a country’s power by gaining an empire
Mandate
The authority to rule in a country
Protectorate
Country in another country’s protection
Why did Britain want an empire?
Easier trade, access to resources, poorer people have opportunity to make money, cities are overcrowded, Brits want products they can’t grow eg tobacco, make Britain look powerful, spread Christianity, rivalry against France and Germany
Brit empire 1700s
Fighting with France and Holland over territory
Brit empire 1800s
France and Britain had largest colonies - Britain takes India, New Zealand and Australia - 1776 Canada gains independence
Brit empire 1900s
Whole of new Zealand, Australia, India, Canada- scramble for Africa
53/54 countries are European colonies
How did industrial empire lead to empire?
- man power «_space;steam power
- urbanisation due to factories
-inventions such as steam ships and locomotion brings connection between countries
When and what for was East India Company created?
1600, tudor merchants from London, trade with India
EIC - 1608
First ship sent, unable to secure trading deal
EIC 1700
returned, made deal with Aurangzeb, mughal emperor who offered protection, strict and powerful
Aurangzeb death in 1709
No one could keep control, hiers scramble for riches
What happened for the EIC within 150 years?
EIC was making massive fortunes and ruling parts of the Mughal empire, continued to set up trading posts and factories such as in Calcutta and madras
What did Britain do to increase its political power in India in 1750s?
-used private army to wage war against local leaders
- signed treaties
-military and trading agreements
Why was Britain able to take control of India?
India was not united so Britain was able to sign treaties with separate states that made up India. The British were very effective at gradually taking control
What was British rule in India called?
Raj rule
Jallinawala bagh massacre - when
13/04/1919
Jallinawala bagh massacre - who
General Reginald Dyer and 50 armed soldiers and between 15,000 and 20,000 peaceful men, women and kids
Jallinawala bagh massacre - why
dyer said that anyone in jallianwala bagh square was resisting raj rule and a potenziale enemy of the state
real reason : brits were angry that raj rule was slipping
Jallinawala bagh massacre - casualities
between 600 and 1000 killed, and many more injured. Almost all injured died because there was a military curfew and doctor who treated the injured were harassed by police
brits relationship with empire- exploitative
-one-sided
-took resources from country
brits relationship with empire- trading
- ideas
- cultures
- products