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The endocrine system Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

przewód

A

duct

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2
Q

bezprzewodowy

A

ductless

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3
Q

wydzielać

A

secrete

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4
Q

hormon

A

hormones

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5
Q

metabolity

A

metabolites

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6
Q

enzymy

A

enzymes

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7
Q

inne substancje

A

other substances

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8
Q

wypływać na powierzchnie zewnętrzne

A

flow to the exterior surface

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9
Q

przestrzeń śródmiąższowa

A

interstitial spaces

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10
Q

wydzielać

A

release

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11
Q

przenikaja do naczyń włosowatych

A

diffuse into capillaries

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12
Q

krwiobieg

A

bloodstream

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13
Q

narząd docelowy

A

target organ

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14
Q

What’s endocrine glands?

A
  1. are ductless
  2. secrete hormones into the bloodstream
  3. products are released into the interstitial spaces around the cells. froom where they diffuse into the capillaries and reach the target organ
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15
Q

What’s exocrine glands?

A
  1. have a duct
  2. secrete / excrete products ( like metabolites, enzymes and other substances ) to duct
  3. . through which they flow to the exterior surface
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16
Q

Prostata / gruczoł krokowy

A

prostate gland

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17
Q

ślinianki

A

salivary gland

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18
Q

nadnercza

A

adrenal gland

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19
Q

gruczoł mlekowy

A

mammary gland

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20
Q

trzustka

A

pancreas

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21
Q

tarczyca

A

thyroid

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22
Q

gruczoł potowy

A

sweat gland

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23
Q

przysadka mózgowa

A

pituitary gland

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24
Q

jajniki

A

ovaries

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25
Q

szyszynka

A

pineal body

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26
Q

jądra

A

testes

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27
Q

gruczoł łojowy

A

sebaceous gland

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28
Q

żołądek

A

stomach

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29
Q

dwunastnica

A

duodenum

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30
Q

wątroba

A

liver

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31
Q

podwzgórze

A

hypothalamus

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32
Q

TSH

  • skrót
  • F - Stymuluje tarczycę do produkcji hormonów tarczycy
A
  1. thyroid-stimulating hormone

2. Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones

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33
Q

Prolaktyna

F - ułatwia produkcję mleka

A
  1. Prolactin

2. facilitates milk production,

34
Q

Hormon wzrotu

F - stymuluje syntezę białek i podział komórek w chrząstce i tkance kostnej

A
  1. Growth hormone

2. Stimulates protein synthesis and cell division in carrtilage and bone tissue

35
Q

PTH
F - zwiększa poziom wapnia we krwi poprzez stymulowanie uwalniania Ca do krwioobiegu i zwiększenie szybkości wchłaniania Ca w przewodzie pokarmowym i nerkach

A
  1. parathyroid hormone
  2. increases blood calcium by stimulating Ca release into the bloodstream and incresing bone Ca absorption rate in GI tract and kidney
36
Q

Hormony tarczycy

F - wpływa na wzrost ciała, tempo metabolizmu, rozwój kości i mięśni szkieletowych

A

thyroid hormone

1. affects body growth, metabolic rates, development of bones and skeletal muscle

37
Q

NA, A
F - podnieść poziom cukru we krwi i kwasów tłuszczowych; zwiększyć tętno i siłę skurczu; przygotuj ciało do reakcji walki lub ucieczki

A
  1. norepinephrine, epinephrine
  2. raise the blood sugar and fatty acids; increase heart rate and force of conctraction; prepare the body for the fight or flight response
38
Q

estrogen

F - niezbędne do utworzenia komórki jajowej (jajka); przygotowuje macicę do wszczepienia zapłodnionego

A
  1. estrogen

2. necessary to form the ovum (egg); prepares the uterus for implanting a fertilized

39
Q

progesteron
F -
przygotowuje piersi do laktacji, reguluje cykl menstruacyjny

A

progesterone

1. prepares breasts for lactation, regulates the menstrual cycle

40
Q

testosteron

F - niezbędne do tworzenia plemników, rozwoju męskich narządów płciowych i wtórnych cech seksualnych

A

testosterone

1. necessary for sperm formation, development of male genitalia and secondary sexual traits

41
Q

Where there is an excess of hormone, one form of treatment consists of giving the patient something which inhibits the production of that hormone

  • nadczynność tarczycy
  • excess = too much
  • consists = składa się
A
  • hyperthyroidism
42
Q

When a hormone is deficient, treatment may be by replacement therapy,

  • niedoczynność tarczycy
  • replacement = wymiana, zmiana
  • deficiency = too little
A

hypothyroidism

43
Q

for example injections of insulin in the treatment of
- Cukrzyca typ 1
dr say : sufferers of …. are deficient in insulin
- sufferers = osoby cierpiące

A

Type 1 diabetes

44
Q

TRH

F - jest wydzielany do podwzgórza i wyzwala produkcję TSH

A

thyrottophin-releasing hormone

  1. is secreted in the hypothalamus and triggers the production of TSH
  2. secreted
  3. triggers
  4. production
45
Q

TSH
- stymuluje receptor TSH w tarczycy, aby zwiększyć syntezę zarówno T4, jak i T3, a także uwolnić zmagazynowany hormon, wytwarzając zwiększone poziomy T3 i T4 w osoczu

A
  1. stimulates the TSH receptor in the thyroid to increase synthesis of both T4 and T3 and also to release stored hormone, producting increased plasma levels of T3 i T4
  2. stimulates
  3. synthesis
  4. release
46
Q

T4

A

thyroxine

47
Q

T3

zasila przysadkę mózgową i być może podwzgórze w celu zahamowania wydzielania TRH i TSH

A

triodothyronine

  1. feeds back on the pituitary and perhaps the hypothalamus to inhibit TRH and TSH secretion
  2. feeds back
  3. secretion
48
Q

An enlarged thyroid glan is called a

- wole tarczycowe

A

goitre

49
Q

Goitre can be

1. rozproszone

A
  1. diffuse

the enlargement may be diffuse involving most of the gland

50
Q

Goitre can be

2. zlokalizowane

A
  1. localized

localized limited to a particular area

51
Q

Goitre can be

3. samotny, pojedyńczy

A
  1. solitary, single nodule
52
Q

Choroba Gravesa -Basedowa

A

Graves’ disease

53
Q

vibration felt with the hand

wyczuwalne dreszcze

A
  1. palpable thrill,
54
Q

npise heard through a stethoscope, over the gland

słyszalny szmer

A
  1. audible bruit
55
Q

more active than is usual

przesadna aktywność

A

-overactive

She describes herself as overactive and at first she thought the weight loss was due to this.

56
Q

świadomość szybkiego lub nieregularnego bicia serca

A

awareness of rapid or irregular heartbeat = palpitations

57
Q

nietolerancja ciepła

A

heat intolerance = inability to cope with high temperatures

58
Q

very slight involuntary movements

drżenie

A

fine tremor

59
Q

czasownik hamować

A

inhibit

60
Q

rzeczownik hamować

A

inhibition

61
Q

czasawnik produkować

A

produce

62
Q

rzeczownik produkować

A

production

63
Q

czasownik uwolniać

A

release

64
Q

rzeczownik wydanie

A

release

65
Q

czasownik zastąpić

A

replace

66
Q

rzeczownik zastąpienie

A

replacement

67
Q

czasownik wydzielać

A

secrete

68
Q

rzeczownik stymulacja

A

stimulation

69
Q

czasownik stymulować

A

stimulate

70
Q

GnRH

A

gonadotrophin-releasing hormone

71
Q

wydzielony

A

secreted

72
Q

wyzwala ( do wydzielania )

A

trigger

73
Q

przekazuje informacje zwrotne

A

feeds back

74
Q

Are your bowels normal?

- biegunka

A

diarrhoea

75
Q

What is your appetite like?

- więcej jem

A

eating more

76
Q

Do you prefer hot weather or cold?

- nietolerancja ciepła

A

heat intolerance

77
Q

Are you able to sit and relax?

- nadaktywny

A

overacitivity

78
Q

Have you ever felt your heart beating rapidly or irregularly?
-kołatanie

A

palpitations

79
Q

Is your weight steady?

-Spadek masy ciała

A

weight loss

80
Q

Do your hanns shake?

-dreszcze

A

tremor

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