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English > Coordination, eye, ears - ch8 > Flashcards

Coordination, eye, ears - ch8 Flashcards

1
Q

mózg

A

cerebrum / brain

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2
Q

anatomiczny system nerwowy

A

anatonomic nervous system

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3
Q

OUN

A

central nervous system

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4
Q

kora mózgu

A

cerebral cortex

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5
Q

podwzgórze

A

hypothalamus

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6
Q

nerwy

A

neurons

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7
Q

receptory

A

receptors

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8
Q

rdzeń kręgowy

A

spinal cord

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9
Q

łuk odruchowy

A

reflex arc

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10
Q

obwodowy układ nerwowy

A

peripheral nervous system

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11
Q

płaty mózgu

A

cerebral lobes

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12
Q

móżdżek

A

cerebellum

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13
Q

hipokamp

A

hippocampus

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14
Q

półkula mózgu

A

cerebral hemisphere

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15
Q

The structures that form the nervous system can be divided into the CNS i PNS

A
  1. central nervous system CNS

2. peripheral nervous system PNS

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16
Q

The organs of the CNS are the
mózg ( synonim, móżdżek, pień mózgu )
i
rdzeń kręgowy

A
  1. brain, cerebrum - mózg
  2. cerebellum - móżdżek
  3. brainstem - pień mózgu
  4. spinal cord rdzeń kręgowy
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17
Q

The PNS is made of
nerwy i
zwoje nerwowe

A
  1. nerves

2. neural ganglia

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18
Q 
Besides the OUN and the PNS is 
-opony mózgowe 
-twarda, 
-pajęczynówka, 
-miękka
are part of the nervous system too since the cover (osłaniają ) and protect the  
-mózgowie
-rdzeń kręgowy
A 
1. the meninges 
dura-mater
arachnoid
pia-mater
2. encephalon -mózgowie
3. spinal cord
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19
Q

The main cells of the nervous system are the

-neurony

A

neurons

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20
Q

Besides the neurons the nervous system a;sp consists of

- komórki glejowe

A

glial cells

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21
Q 
Neurons are cells that have the funcion of 
- odbieranie
- przekazywanie impulsów
and glial cells are the cell that
-wspiera
-karmi
-izoluje nerwy.
A
  1. receive
  2. transmit
    - receiving and transmitting the neural impulses
  3. support
  4. feed
  5. insulate the neurons.
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22
Q

The three main parts into which a neuron can be devided are:

  • dendryty
  • komórki ciała
  • aksony
A
  • dendrites
  • the cell body
  • t he axon
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23
Q

The function of dendrites is

-odbierać impulsow od innych neuronów

A

receive the neural impulses from other neurons.

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24
Q

The cell body is where

- znajduje się jądro i główne organelle komórkowe innych neuronów.

A

the nucleus and the main cellular organelles from other neurons are located.

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25
Q

The axon function is

- przesyła impulsy neuronowe na odległość do innych neuronów, komórek mięśniowych i innych komórek efektorowych.

A

transmits the neural impulses at distance to other neurons, muscle cells and other effector cells.

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26
Q

Nerves may contain

  • nerwy sensoryczne/czuciowe
  • nerwy ruchowe
  • nerwy mieszane
A
  1. sensory nerves
  2. motor nerves
  3. mixed nerves
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27
Q

Meninges are the membranes that

  • otacza
  • chroni CNS
A
  1. enclose

2. protect

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28
Q

płyn mózgowo-rdzeniowy

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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29
Q

The cerebrospinal fluid functions is

  • transport substacji odzywczych
  • bronić
  • mechaniczna ochrona CSN
A
  1. transport nutrient
  2. defence
  3. mechanical protection of the CNS
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30
Q

The cerebrum is divided into two

-półkule mózgowe

A
  1. cerebral hemispheres
31
Q

Each hemisphere is made of four cerebral lobes:

  • płat czołowy
  • płat ciemieniowy
  • płat skroniowy
  • płat potyliczny
A
  1. frontal lobe - płat czołowy
  2. parietal lobe - płat ciemieniowy
  3. temporal lobe - płat skroniowy
  4. occipital lobe - płat potyliczny
32
Q

Each cerebral lobe contains

  • istote szara
  • istota biała
A
  1. gray matter

2. white matter

33
Q

Gray matter is the outer portion and is made of

-ciała neuronowe

A
  1. neural bodies
34
Q

Gray matter is also known as the

- kora mózgu

A
  1. cerebral cortex - kora mózgu
35
Q

White matter is the inner portion and is white because it is in the region where
- mijają się aksony neuronów korowych

A
  1. axons of the cortical neurons pass
36
Q

medulla

A

rdzeń kręgowy/przedłużony

37
Q

The medulla function are

  • regulacja oddychania,
  • ciśnienie krwi,
  • bicie serca,
  • wydzieliny trawienne,
  • ruchy perystaltyczne
A
  • regulation of breathing,
  • blood pressure,
  • heartbeat,
  • digestive secretions,
  • peristaltic movements
38
Q

spinal cord

A

rdzeń kręgowy

39
Q

The spinal cord is

- grzbietowy przewód nerwowy otoczony kręgami

A

the dorsal neural cord of all vertebrates

40
Q

The spinal cord function is

-ułatwiają integrację nerwową całego ciała

A

facilitate the neural integration of the whole body

41
Q

The efferent reactions of the nervous system can be classified into

  • dobrowolne
  • mimowolne
A
  1. voluntary

2. involuntary

42
Q

Co to znaczy ‘’ dobrowolne kontrolowanie’’

- Przykładami reakcji wywołanych przez wole są ruchy kończyn, języka i mięśni oddechowych.

A
  • when controlled by a person’s will,

- Examples of reactions tiggered by volition are the movements of the limbs, tongue and respiratory muscles.

43
Q

Co oznacza ‘’ mimowolne’’
- Przykładami mimowolnych eferentnych reakcji są te, które nakazują ruchy perystaltyczne, bicie serca i mięśnie ściany tętnic.

A

those not consciously controlled.
-Examples of involuntary efferent reactions are those that command the peristaltic movements, the heartbeat and the arterial wall muscles.

44
Q

AUN

A

the autonomic nervous system

45
Q

The autonomic nervous system is divided into the

  • współczulny
  • przywspółczulny
A
  1. sympathetic nervous system

2. parasympathetic nervous system

46
Q

The sympathetic nervous system includes the nerves

-które wychodzą z zwojów nerwowych bocznych do kręgosłupa, a zatem są oddalone od tkanek, które unerwiają.

A
  • that come out from the ganglia of the neural chains lateral to the spinal column and thus are distant from the tissues they innervate.
47
Q

The parasympathetic nervous system is made up of
-nerwów i neuronów centralnych lub obwodowych związanych ze zwojami trzewnymi, zwojami nerwowymi usytuowanymi w pobliżu tkanek, które dostarczają.

A

-nerves and central or peripheral neurons related to the visceral ganglia, neural ganglia situated near the tissues they supply.

48
Q

The human eye, the movement is controlled by

- mięśnie zewnątrzgałkowe

A
  • extraocular muscles
49
Q

The human eye focuses ligh onto a ligh sensitive membrane calles the
-siatkówka

A

retina - siatkówka

50
Q

It is a transparent structure found at the very front of the eye that helps to focus incoming light. It is also a part of the outer layer.
-rogówka

51
Q

Behind the cornea is a colored ring-shaped membrane calles the
- tęczówka

52
Q

The iris has an adjustable circular opening called the

- źrenica

A

pupil - źrenica

53
Q

A clear fluid called by the

- ciecz wodnista

A

aqueous humor -ciecz wodnista

54
Q

Situated behind the pupil is a colorless, transparent structure called the crystalline
- soczekwa oka

55
Q

Surround the lens is

- mięśnie rzęskowe

A

ciliary muscles

56
Q

The interior chamber of the eyeball is filled with a
jelly-like tissue called the
-ciało szkliste

A

vitreous humor

57
Q

The middle layer between the retina and sclera is called the

-naczyniówka

58
Q

Cones are packed into a part of the retina called the

-plamka żółta

59
Q

nerw wzrokowy

A

optic nerve

60
Q

twardówka

61
Q

małżowina uszna

A
  1. pinna

2. auricle

62
Q

młoteczek

A
  1. malleus

2. hammer

63
Q

kowadełko

64
Q

kanał półkolisty

A

semicircular canal

65
Q

nerw przedsionkowy

A

vestibular nerve

66
Q

nerw ślimakowy

A

cochlear nerve

67
Q

ślimak

68
Q

trąbka eustachiusza

A

Eustachian tube

69
Q

okienko ślimaka

A

round window

70
Q

strzemiączko

A

stapes / stirrup

71
Q

jama bębenkowa

A

tympanic cavity / middle ear

72
Q

błona bębenkowa

A

tympanic membrane

73
Q

przewód słuchowy zewnętrzny

A

external auditory meatus / ear canal

74
Q

płatek ucha

A

ear lobe/ lobule

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