The Endocrine system Flashcards
What does FSH do in the female body
stimulates devolpment of the follicle
What are all the pituitary Hormones
FAT GALOP
fsh
adh
tsh
groth hormon
acth
lh
oxytocin
prolactin
What are the Thyroid horons
Calcintonin
Thyroxine
What hormone does the Parathyroid secrete
Parathyroid hormone doofus
What hormones does the adrenal coretx secrete
Cortisol and Aldosterone
What hormones does the adrenal medulla secrete
Adrenalin and Noadrenalin
What hormones does the pancreas secrete
Glucagon and Insulin
What hormones do the ovaries secrete
Estrogen and progesterone
What hormone does the testes secrete
Testosterone
What is Homestasis
Balance within the body
it maintains this through frequent adjustments through the nervous and endocrine systems
What are some uses for hormones in the body
Chemical manganment
stress
growth
reproduction
What is the difference between non target, target, tropic and non-tropic
Target means its targeting a specfic area, no target means its going to all cells, tropic means that it is targeting another endocrine gland that will release another hormone due to stimulation form the orignal hormone. non tropic means it doent release another hormone after this
What is the difference between positive feedback and negative feedback
positive feedback is continious increasing of the product
negative feedback decreases and increases as needed - the product inhibits the production of the hormone when there is too much product.
What are antogonistic hormones
Hormones that work opposite of eachother to maintain homestasis
ACTH
- Where is it relased from?
- tropic? - target?
- function?
- Hyposecretion?
-Hypersecretion?
- draw its negative feedback loop
- pituitary
- targets adrenel cortex
- stimulates the adrenal cortex to realease aldosterone, cortisol and sex hormones - before puberty
- Hyposecretion: Low levels of adrenal cortex hormones
- Hypersecretion: High levels of adrenal cortex hormones
FSH
- Where is it relased from?
- tropic? - target?
- function?
- Hyposecretion?
-Hypersecretion?
- draw its negative feedback loop
- pituitary
- targets overies and testes
- target and tropic
- in females it stimuates the devolpment of the follicle into a mature ova
- in males it stimulates sertoli cells for spermatogenesis
- Hyposecretion: no egg or sperm production
- Hypersecretion: multiple follicle devlopment and high sperm count
LH
- Where is it relased from?
- tropic? - target?
- function?
- Hyposecretion?
-Hypersecretion?
- draw its negative feedback loop
- pituitary
- target and tropic
- targets the ovaries and testes
- in females stimulates ovulation, maintains the corpus lutuem, in males stimulates the interstiatal cells of the testes to produce testosterone
- Hyposecretion: No ovulation therfore no progesterone
low testosterone - Hypersecretion: no effect
HGH
- Where is it relased from?
- tropic? - target?
- function?
- Hyposecretion?
-Hypersecretion?
- draw its negative feedback loop
- pituitary
- nontarget and non tropic
- cell division, bone/muscle groth, metabolic breakdown of fats
- Hyposecretion: Dwarfism
- Hypersecretion: Gigantasisms and acromegaly - doesnt increase hieght ut increases everything else
Prolactin
- Where is it relased from?
- tropic? - target?
- function?
- Hyposecretion?
-Hypersecretion?
- draw its negative feedback loop
- pituitary
- target and non tropic
- mtargets mammary glands
- stimulates the production of breast milk
- Hyposecretion: little to no milk
- Hyper secretion: excessive milk
TSH
- Where is it relased from?
- tropic? - target?
- function?
- Hyposecretion?
-Hypersecretion?
- draw its negative feedback loop
- pituitary
- targets and tropic
- targets the thyroid
- stimulates the the thyroid gland to release thryoxine
- Hyposectron: Low thyroixine
- Hypersecretion: High thyroxine
ADH
- Where is it relased from?
- tropic? - target?
- function?
- Hyposecretion?
-Hypersecretion?
- draw its negative feedback loop
- pituitary
- target and non tropic
- targets the kidneys
- manages water balnce during dehydration and causes the kidneys to ncrease water reabsorption, this causes less urine output
- Hyposecretion: Diabetes insipidus: inadequate water retention resulting in too much pee
- Hypersecretion: excessive water retention causing bloating and little urine output
Oxytocin
- Where is it relased from?
- tropic? - target?
- function?
- Hyposecretion?
-Hypersecretion?
- draw its negative feedback loop
- pituitary
- target and no tropic
- targets mammary glands and uterus
- stimulates the release of breast milk and contractions of the uterine during labour
- Hyposecretion: delayed and difficult labour and nursing
- Hypersectrion: excessive milk release
Calcitonin
- Where is it relased from?
- tropic? - target?
- function?
- Hyposecretion?
-Hypersecretion?
- draw its negative feedback loop
- thyroid
- targets the blood and bones
- target and non tropic
- lowers blood calcium levels by increasing movement of calium from blood to bones
- Hyposecretion: high blood calcium levels
- Hypersectrion: Low blood calcium levels
Thyroxine
- Where is it relased from?
- tropic? - target?
- function?
- Hyposecretion?
-Hypersecretion?
- draw its negative feedback loop
- Thyroid
- non target - most cells - and non tropic
- manges the bodys metablosim by increasing the rate of metabolism by speeding up cellular respiration and increases glucose usage and oxygen consumption
- Hyposecretion: Crentenism and Myxedema
- Hypersecretion: graves disease, protruding eyes
Parathyroid
- Where is it relased from?
- tropic? - target?
- function?
- Hyposecretion?
-Hypersecretion?
- draw its negative feedback loop
- parathyroid - node son the thyroid
- target and non tropic
- targest the blood, bones, kidneys and small intestine
- increases blood calcium levsl by increasing the release of calium from bones to blood and increasing calcium reabsorption by the kidneys and small intestine
Aldosterone
- Where is it relased from?
- tropic? - target?
- function?
- Hyposecretion?
-Hypersecretion?
- draw its negative feedback loop
- Adrenal cortex
- targets the kidneys - non tropic
- raises blood pressure by increasing sodium reabsorbtion.
- Hyposecretion: low sodium levels and low blood pressure
- Hypersecretion: high sodium levels and high blood pressure
Cortisol
- Where is it relased from?
- tropic? - target?
- function?
- Hyposecretion?
-Hypersecretion?
- draw its negative feedback loop
- Adrenal cortex
- most cells - non target and nontropic
- long term stress hormone, manges stress by increasing blood glucose levels - creating more fuel for cellular respiration by breaking down proteins into amino acids and fats into fatty acids and increasing the rate of cellular respiration
- Hyposecretion: low glucose levels
- Hypersecretion: high glucose levels resulting in weight loss
Adrenalin
- Where is it relased from?
- tropic? - target?
- function?
- Hyposecretion?
-Hypersecretion?
- draw its negative feedback loop
- adrenal medulla
- most cells - non target and nontropic
- short term stress hormone that prepaes the body for fight orf flight by increasing heart rate, blood volume, pressure and glucose levels
- Hyposecretion: inadquate stress response
- Hypersecretion: overreaction to stress
Noradrenalin
- Where is it relased from?
- tropic? - target?
- function?
- Hyposecretion?
-Hypersecretion?
- draw its negative feedback loop
- adrenal medulla
- most cells- non taregt and non tropic
- during stress from colds and bacterial infections , released along side adrenaline during the stress response
- Hyposecretion: inadquate response to stress
- Hypersecretion: Overresponse to stress
Glucagon
- Where is it relased from?
- tropic? - target?
- function?
- Hyposecretion?
-Hypersecretion?
- draw its negative feedback loop
- pancreas
- target and non-tropic
- Targets the liver and muscles
- increases blood glucose levels by converting glycogen to glucose in the liver and muscles
- Hyposecretion: Low glucose levels
- Hypersecretion: Hight glucose levels
Insulin
- Where is it relased from?
- tropic? - target?
- function?
- Hyposecretion?
-Hypersecretion?
- draw its negative feedback loop
- pancreas
- all/most cells - non target and non tropic
- decreases blood glucose by increasing cell permability to glucose, increase conversion of glucose to glycogen and increase cell metabolism of glucose
- Hyposecretion: Diabetes Mellitus - high blood sugar
-Hypersecretion: Low blood glucose
Estrogen
- Where is it relased from?
- tropic? - target?
- function?
- Hyposecretion?
-Hypersecretion?
- draw its negative feedback loop
- ovaries
- nontarget and non tropic
- stimulates the devolpments of female sex characteristics, endometrium lining
- Hyposecretion: underdevolpmeny of female sex characteristics and endometrium
- Hypersecretion: no effect
Progesterone
- Where is it relased from?
- tropic? - target?
- function?
- Hyposecretion?
-Hypersecretion?
- draw its negative feedback loop
- ovaries - the corpus luteum
- non target and non tropic
- inhibits uterine contractions and ovulation
- Hyposecretion: early menstration
- Hypersecretion: no menestration
Testosterone
- Where is it relased from?
- tropic? - target?
- function?
- Hyposecretion?
-Hypersecretion?
- draw its negative feedback loop
- testes
- stimulates the devolpment of male secondary sex characteristics
- increases sex drive
-Hyposecretion: Lack of secondary sex characteristics - Hypersecretion: increased sex drive
What are the types of diabetes mellitus
Type 1 : Autoimmune disorder where the body cannot produce enough insulin
Type 2: Body may resist the effects of insulin or not produce enough according to your diet
Gestational: When a woman has high blood glucose levels during pregnancy
Describe Diabetes Insipudis
When you body struggles with water retention by not producing enough adh or the kidneys stop responding to it
- it makes you feel thirtsy even when youre not and you will produce large amounts of urine
What thes difference and similarity between adh and aldosterone
adh is for water retantion and aldosterone is for sodium retention, they both increase bllod volume and therefore blood pressure
What are Anabolic Steriods , how are they used psoitively and negatively and what are theyre side effects
- they can be used to treat hormone imablances and diseases that cause muscle loss like cancer and aids
- body builders and atheletes abuse steriods to gain advantage
- they can cause paranoia, aggression, delusions, impaired judgement and mania
What is Growth hormone, how are they used psoitively and negatively and what are theyre side effects
They can be used for children that are defecient in HGh and soemtimes some adults
peoples exploit it when trying to gain muscles
- used in agriculture to gain muscles mass
can worsen cardiovascular disease, hypertension and abnormal growth of organs
What is recombiant DNA technolgoy and how is it used
Technology that can produce synthetic hormones EX: insulin
- endocluase is used to isolate a specfic segment of humane genome that codes for a hormone
- restriction enzyme is used to make an opening in the plasmid of the bacteria
- ligase glues the human gene and bacteria
- the bacteria will procreate and create the hormone and it can be harvested
How can MRIS and CTSCANs be used
To idenitdy tumours on endorcrine glands - tumours may affects the release of hormones
How can Urinalysis be used
24 hours urine collection to test for hormones
