The Endocrine System

Question 1

Hormones

Answer 1

• Secreted into the bloodstream and can affect any cell in the body that has a receptor for that hormones
• Thyroid gland produced the hormone thyroxine affecting the cells in the heart which then causes an increase in heart rate

Question 2

Glands

Answer 2

• The main endocrine gland is the pituitary gland (in the brain) it controls the release of hormones from all other endocrine glands

Question 3

Endocrine and ANS

Answer 3

1. Stressor is perceived
2. Hypothalamus activates the pituitary gland which triggers activity in the ANS
3. ANS changes from parasympathetic state (resting) to the sympathetic state (aroused)

Question 4

Adrenaline

Answer 4

4. Released from the adrenal medulla (adrenal gland) into your blood stream
5. Adrenialine triggers physiological changes (increased heart rate)
6. Fight or flight response

Question 5

Adrenal gland

Answer 5

• Cortex = Produces cortisol - regulates and supports of cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory functions
• Medulla = releases adrenaline and noradrenaline - prepares for fight and flight

Question 6

Fight or flight response

Answer 6

1. Stressor is perceived
2. Hypothalamus triggers activity in sympathetic
3. ANS changes from resting to aroused
4. Adrenaline released from madulla into bloodstream
5. Triggers physiological changes in target organs
6. PNS returns to resting state
7. Acts as a break and reduces activities that were increased

Question 7

Chronic Stress

Answer 7

H - Hypothalamus
- Releases a chemical messenger, corticotrophin which releases a hormone (CRH) into bloodstream
P - CRH causes pituitary gland to release adrenocortcotrophic hormone (ACTH) into the bloodstream and then into your adrenal glands
A - ACTH
- Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol which gives you a burst of energy but giving you lower sensitivity to pain and a lower immune response

Question 8

Cortisol

Answer 8

+ Quick energy bursts and lower pain sensitivity
- Impaired cognitive function and lower immune system

• HPA axis system relies on feedback to regulate levels
• Hypothalamus and pituitary glands have receptors to bring about a response is levels increase or decrease