The Endocrine System Flashcards
Define: autocrine gland
cell that releases information and sends to itself
Define: paracrine
cell that sends signals to a nearby cell
master gland of the endocrine system
pituitary gland
hormones that the anterior pituitary produces
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
LH (luteinizing hormone)
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic homone)
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
Prolactin
GH (growth hormone)
hormones that the posterior pituitary produces
oxytocin
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) or vasopressin
what is the difference between the anterior and pituitary lobes of the pituitary gland?
anterior = produces hormones, connected to hypothalamus via the bloodstream
posterior = releases hormones only, connected to hypothalamus via nerves
what organ does FSH target?
ovaries - follicles
testes - seminiferous tubules
what organ does LH target?
ovaries - corpus luteum
testes - interstitial cells
what organ does ACTH target?
adrenal cortex (zona fasciculata = cortisol)
what organ does aldosterone target?
kidneys
describe the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
when blood pressure is low = renin is released
renin activates angiotensinogen
angiotensinogen is converted to angiotensin by ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) enzyme
angiotensin activates aldosterone
aldosterone (from adrenal cortex) targets kidneys to absorb more sodium…water follow sodium = increases blood volume = increase blood pressure
what organ does TSH target?
thyroid = produces T4 and T3
what is calcitonin?
- comes from the thyroid gland
- role is to decrease blood calcium by increasing bone deposition (osteoblasts lays down more calcium to build bone = reducing blood Ca)
what is PTH?
- parathyroid hormone
- comes from parathyroid gland
- role is to increase blood calcium by increasing bone resorption (osteoclasts break down bone to increase blood Ca)
what organ does prolactin target?
mammary gland
- produces milk
