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Biology > The Endocrine System > Flashcards

The Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are hormones

A

Chemical messengers

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2
Q

Where are hormones made

A

Endocrine glands

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3
Q

Hormones go to ——— for a response

A

Target organs

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4
Q

Homeostasis

A

To maintain a constant internal environment

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5
Q

What does homeostasis allow for

A

Helping the body cells to work at their optimum

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6
Q

How is brain involved in homeostasis

A

Coordinates responses to internal and external stimuli

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7
Q

How is the lungs involved in homeostasis

A

Controls amount of O2 and CO2 in blood

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8
Q

How are the muscles involved in homeostasis

A

Can respond to environment and blood sugar

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9
Q

How is the skin involved in homeostasis

A

senses external environment and controls body temperature

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10
Q

How is the pancreas involved with homeostasis

A

Can increase/decrease amount of glucose in blood

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11
Q

How is the kidney involved with homeostasis

A

Can control amount of water in blood

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12
Q

How are hormones transported

A

They are secreted into the blood and diffused out of it to the target cells of the target organs

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13
Q

Nervous system vs Endocrine system

A

Nervous system is very fast as electrical impulses travel through the axon for a short time at a specific place.

Endocrine system is much slower and is transported through the blood for a long time all over the body

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14
Q

What is your thyroid gland and what does it do

A

Secretes thyroid hormones - which controls the speed at which bodies chemicals functions proceed

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15
Q

How is the thyroid hormones made

A

Takes iodine from food and converts it to thyroxine by combining it with amino acid tyrosine

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16
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Where the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormones

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17
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Where the thyroid gland produces too much of the thyroid hormones

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18
Q

What are adrenal glands and what do they do

A

Adrenal glands are small glands on top of your kidneys that produce hormones that help regulate metabolism, immune system and respond to stress

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19
Q

Adrenaline

A

Adrenaline is used in times of stress to prepare itself for intensive action

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20
Q

What happens when you have adrenaline

A

Your eyes dilate, heart + breathing rate increases, blood diverts away from the organs (digestive) to your muscles

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21
Q

If a factor in the environment increases,

A

The system changes to reduce it back to normal

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22
Q

If a factor in the environment decreases,

A

The system changes it increase it back to normal

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23
Q

How long does a menstrual cycle last

A

28 days

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24
Q

Why does the lining of the uterus start to thicken

A

To receive a fertilised egg

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25
Q

After 14 days …

A

The egg is released from the ovary - called ovulation

26
Q

If egg is fertilised

A

May implant the uterus lining - protected and receives nutrients and oxygen

27
Q

If egg not fertilised

A

Is removed from the body - called periods

28
Q

How is the menstrual cycle controlled

A

By 4 hormones; follicle stimulating hormones, oestrogen, luteinising hormone, progesterone

29
Q

What does the ovary do?

A

Eggs mature and are stored here

30
Q

What does the Fallopian tube do?

A

Where the egg is fertilised before travelling along the tube to uterus

31
Q

What does the uterus do?

A

The foetus develops here

32
Q

What does the cervix do?

A

Entrance to the uterus

33
Q

What does the vagina do?

A

Receives sperm from the penis during sexual intercourse

34
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone to where and why

A

Secreted by the pituitary gland - travels to egg to mature

35
Q

Oestrogen goes to where and why

A

Secreted by ovaries - causes the uterus lining to build up

36
Q

Luteinising hormone where and why?

A

When the hormone reaches the peak in the middle of the cycle - ovulation is triggered

37
Q

Progesterone where and why?

A

Maintains uterus lining - levels remain high throughout pregnancy

38
Q

Techniques to prevent pregnancy

A

Contraceptions

39
Q

Non hormonal techniques

A

Barrier methods to prevent sperm contacting egg. Also, uses physical devices that release chemical compounds to kill sperm cell and prevent implantations

40
Q

Hormonal techniques

A

Use hormones to disrupt normal reproductive cycle

41
Q

Condoms and diaphragms (cervical caps)

A

Placed over area to prevent sperm cells entering
95-98%
92-96%

42
Q

Intrauterine device

A

Inserted into the uterus - released copper that kills sperm cell surviving in uterus = over 99%

43
Q

Oestrogen and progesterone pill

A

Thickens mucus from cervix - stopping sperm from reaching an ovum = 99%

44
Q

Progesterone (same for intrauterine system)

A

Thickens mucus from the cervix - stopping sperm from reaching an ovum. Also thins uterus lining preventing implantations = over 99%

45
Q

Tropism

A

When plants detect stimuli in their environment and respond by growing in a particular direction

46
Q

Phototropism

A

Growing towards the light

47
Q

Gravitopsim

A

Growing in the same direction as gravity

48
Q

Auxin

A

The plant hormone that enables a plant to grow towards or away from a stimuli

49
Q

How do plants respond to light

A

Auxin moves to side without light and there is a build up of it on the shaded side. The cells respond by elongating and increases length of the shoot, so shoot bends towards the light.

50
Q

How do roots respond to gravity

A

The root grows more on the side with the least amount of auxin, making it bend and grow down towards gravity

51
Q

How do shoots respond to gravity

A

The shorts grow more with the side of most auxin making it bend and grow up away from gravity

52
Q

Ethene

A

Causes plants to ripen by stimulating the conversion of starch into sugar (only hormone in gas form)

53
Q

Gibberellins

A

Promotes growth of stem elongation. Also end dormancy period of seeds and buds - shoots and flowers open

54
Q

Killing weeds

A

The auxin weed killer makes them grow too fast. This rapid uncontrolled growth kills the plant

55
Q

Promoting root growth

A

Cut off a plant shoot, dip it in auxin (rooting powder) and develops to produce identical plants

56
Q

Delaying ripening

A

Auxin is sprayed on fruits to delay ripening to be collected at same time

57
Q

Ripening fruits

A

Ethene is sprayed on fruits so they ripen quicker

58
Q

Producing seedless fruits

A

Auxin applied to unpollinated flowers so the plants produce them parthenocarpic

59
Q

Controlling dormancy

A

Spray gibberellins or auxins to germinate on winter so they last until ideal conditions

60
Q

What is a clinostat

A

A rotating device to reduce the effect of gravity on plant and experiment which is measuring phototropism

61
Q

What is TRH

A

releasing hormone which stimulates TSH
- so if thyroxine is low, both will increase to increase back to normal

Biology (10 decks)

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