The Endocrine system

Question 1

What is the endocrine system for?

Answer 1

Slow communication via the endocrine system which releases hormones
Fast communication through the nervous system which release neurotransmitters

Question 2

What is a hormone?

Answer 2

Messenger produced by endocrine cells
secreted into blood via interstitual fluid
Purprose to stimualte specfic cells or tissues into action

Question 3

Primary endocrine glands

Answer 3

Hypothalamus and pituraity gland 
Pineal gland 
Thyroid gland
Thymus 
Adrenal gland 
Pancreas 
Gonads

Question 4

Secondary endocrine organs

Answer 4

Heart 
Stomach 
Liver 
Kidney 
Small intestine 
Skin

Question 5

Types of hormones

Answer 5

Peptide hormones
Steroid hormones
Derivatives of specfic amino acids

Question 6

Synthesis of peptide hormones

Answer 6

Often synthesized as preprohormones
Cleaved to form prohormones
Prohormones packaged into secretory vesicles by Golgi

Question 7

Synthesis of steroid hromones

Answer 7

Derived from cholesterol
Cholsterol derived from LDL entering cells via LDL/ recpetors complex
Cholesterol converted to steroid in mitchondria and SER
mitchondrial enzyme

Question 8

Control of hormone secretion

Answer 8

Ions or nutrinets - humoral stimuli
Neurotranmitters - neural stimuli
Hormones - hormonal stimuli

Question 9

Hypothalamus

Answer 9

Speciliazed neuron clusters called neuroseceretory cells in the hypothalamus produce the hormones Antiduretic hormone and Oxytocin and transport them to the pituarity

Question 10

Hromones of the posterior pituitary

Answer 10

Antiduretic hormone

Oxytocin

Question 11

Pineal gland

Answer 11

Glandular tissue in the brain

Secretes melatonin

Question 12

Hormones of the thyroid gland

Answer 12

T4: Tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine) – most abundant (90%)
T3: Tri-iodothyronine – not as much made (10%)