The Endocrine Response to Training

Question 1

The anabolic hormones of the endocrine (3)

Answer 1

Testastrone, IGF1, cortisol

Question 2

Hormone-Receptor Complex

Answer 2

Testosterone and stress can alter the number of androgen

Question 3

Muscle Remodeling

Answer 3

Muscle remodelling involves the disruption of muscle fibres in response to mechanical loading, resulting in the inflammatory process (immune cells and catabolic hormones) and subsequent release of anabolic hormones

increases receptor and membrane permeability to hormones and nutrients

Question 4

What is Acute vs. Chronic Adaptations

Answer 4

Acute effects refer to those that happen during and just a9er training, chronic ones are long-term adaptation

Question 5

Anabolic hormones are affected by the following strength training variables

Answer 5

exercise modality (involved musculature), •exercise sequence, •intensity (load), •sets and repe@@ons (volume),•rest period.

Question 6

Acute Effects

Answer 6

acute effects, high-volume strength training seems to produce the greatest change in hormone levels

Question 7

Chronic Effects

Answer 7

note that in as little as five weeks, exercise stops having a hormonal response

Question 8

Training status and hormone response

Answer 8

Training background and strength levels are most important, as these are indicative of Type II fibre content and androgen receptor content

Question 9

Testosterone

Answer 9

Testosterone is the primary anabolic hormone and has both direct and indirect effects on protein synthesis

promotes the growth hormone responses from the pituitary gland.

Question 10

How does testosterone affect the nervous system

Answer 10

It acts on the nervous system through interacting with neuron receptors and increasing the amount of neurotransmiKers, both of which increase force production

Question 11

Concurrent training: The interference effect

Answer 11

Endurance exercise interferes with resistance exercise sessions via residual fatigue and substrate depletion

Question 12

Concurrent training: Neural Development

Answer 12

Increases in maximal strength during the initial weeks of strength training can be attributed largely to the increased motor unit activation of the trained agonist muscles

Question 13

DOES CONCURRENT TRAINING INTERFERE WITH NEURAL DEVELOPMENT

Answer 13

large gains in maximal force there was an increase in the maximum integrated electromyograms (EMGs) in the leg extensor muscles during a concurrent training programme lasting 21 weeks

Increase in EMG
Increase in number motor units
Increase rate of coding

Question 14

Concurrent training:Where an interference effect has been demonstrated, it is purported to manifest as:

Answer 14

1) alteration in the neural recruitment patterns of skeletal muscle
2) limitation in force generation
3) increased neuromuscular fatigue from increased training demands of high volume endurance training

Question 15

Concurrent training: Muscular disruption

Answer 15

Likely impact of testosterone and cortisol interference due to mixed endocrinal responses to training

Endurance training may decrease muscle fibre size in order to accommodate increases in capillary and mitochondrial density

Question 16

Concurrent training: Muscular disruption

Answer 16

A lack of development in muscle CSA during concurrent training could be attributed to chronic muscle glycogen depletion (down regulating the signaling cascade required for protein accretion, as well as reducing training performance) and an increase in catabolic hormones

Question 17

Concurrent training: Molecular singling

Answer 17

Excessive bouts of endurance exercise are known to reduce rates of protein synthesis for several hours following the cessation of training

Question 18

Concurrent training: Molecular singling

Answer 18

endurance training the metabolic signalling pathways that are linked to substrate depletion and calcium release and uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum are activated

Question 19

Concurrent training: what is molecular singling and what is its function

Answer 19

The secondary messenger adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) is activated, as its role is to increase mitochondrial function to enhance aerobic capacity

Question 20

Concurrent training: Cardiovascular development

Answer 20

In elite endurance athletes, strength training can lead to enhanced long- term (> 30 min) and short-term (< 15 min) endurance capacity

Impact on peripheral adaptations (e.g. capillary and mitochondria density)

Question 21

Relationship between lactate and testerone

Answer 21

3x10 short rest periods
the highest release of 
- growth hormone 
- high levels of lactate
- hydrogen ions