The Emergence of Science Flashcards
This philosopher studied lit, grammar, science, math, theology, and medicine. He proposed duality and stated “cogito ergo sum” (I think, therefore I am).
Descartes
He was a lawyer, natural philosopher, and legislator who developed inductive reasoning and the scientific method.
Bacon
He was a philosopher who studied optics, mathematics (specifically, calculus), mechanics, and gravitation, and he served as the president of the Royal Society for a time.
Newton
He refined the ideas of Paracelsus, Bacon, and Descartes and showed that air was necessary for combustion, life, and the transmission of sound. He also argued against traditional elements (earth, air, fire, mercury, etc.
Boyle
This man designed the single-lens microscope and discovered “animalcules” in water.
Leeuwenhoek
Note: He DID NOT invent the microscope, just the single lens variation specifically.
This man studied under Fabricius and was notorious for having dissected both his father and his sister. He studied “colombo”, “cesalpino”, and “fabricius” (pulmonary circulation, heart valve action, and venous valves) and wrote “de Mortu Cordis” which refuted many Galenic ideas
Harvey
This famous institution was founded by Boyle, Wren, and others and was the driving force of science at the time. It was critical of both Galen and Aristotle, and it advocated Bacon’s thinking.
The Royal Society of London
This institution followed Descartes’ mechanical philosophy.
Academie Royale
These were some common therapeutics of the era.
Galenic drugs, venisection, emetics and purgatives (“heroic” medicine)
This man was known as the “English Hippocrates” for his emphasis on bedside medicine. He believed that diseases were specific entities.
Sydenham
This man was called “communis Europae praeceptor” (The Teacher of Europe). He described the body as a mechanism, did post-mortem examinations, and used a thermometer. He first described esophageal rupture, a syndrome that was later named after him.
Boerhaave
