the emancipation of the serfs study and context

Question 1

what was russias population in 1855

Answer 1

70mil

Question 2

what percentage of the russian empire was russian in 1855

Answer 2

50%

Question 3

what percentage of pop in 1855 were peasants

Answer 3

over 90%

Question 4

what percentage of pop in 1855 were nobles

Answer 4

less than 1%

Question 5

what was noble land ownership percentage in 1861

Answer 5

80%

Question 6

why did the nobility have interest to support the tsar in 1855

Answer 6

because he gave them their land

Question 7

why did peasants tolerate/support the tsar before 1855

Answer 7

they were uneducated and only information from the church, which taught that the tsar had divine right to rule, also peasants didn’t venture outside their villages and lived their little lives

Question 8

what percent of peasants were domestic servants

Answer 8

7%

Question 9

what percent of peasants were serfs

Answer 9

50%

Question 10

what percent of population in 1855 were members of the orthodox church

Answer 10

70%

Question 11

how big was the russian army in 1855

Answer 11

1.5 mil

biggest in europe

Question 12

how long did peasant conscripts (soldiers) have to serve in the army for in 1855

Answer 12

25 years

Question 13

what was peasant life expectancy in 1855

Answer 13

35

Question 14

what percent of people lived in towns and cities over 100,000 in 1855

Answer 14

1.6%

Question 15

how did russian dominance fall in pig iron production compared to britain

Answer 15

was top producer in 1800
by 1855 britain was making 10x russia

Question 16

how much railway did russia and britain have in 1860, and what were their comparative sizes

Answer 16

russia 1600km
britain 15000km

russia 90x the size of britian

Question 17

why was the russian navy inferior to france and britains in the crimean war

Answer 17

their ships ran on wind not steam

Question 18

in which great exhibition did russia have no new industrial innovation to present

Answer 18

1851

Question 19

what was russias gnp compared to britain

Answer 19

1/3 of britains

Question 20

when did britain emancipate their serfs

Answer 20

1574

Question 21

name some enlightened bureaucrats

Answer 21

milyutin brothers
party of st petersburg progress

Question 22

name some enlightened members of the royal family

Answer 22

grand duke konstantin
catherine the great (1762-96)

Question 23

when was the significant spike in peasant/serf uprisings

Answer 23

1857-59

Question 24

how did the tsar acknowledge the risk of peasant uprisings

Answer 24

weekly report on mood of the peasantry from december 1857

Question 25

during 1861 how many peasant disturbances were there

Answer 25

over 1000 one involved 10,000 peasants

Question 26

where were free labourers significantly more productive than serfs and why was this significant

Answer 26

siberia, even though the land was much more difficult to farm because of the climate

Question 27

what percentage of serfs were mortgaged by landowners as security for loans because of landowner poverty in 1859

Answer 27

66%

Question 28

when was the emancipation of the serfs

Answer 28

1861

Question 29

what were redemption payments

Answer 29

annual payments for 49 years to pay to buy the land they previously worked (the mir owned it until last payment)

Question 30

how were landowners compensated for their loss of land

Answer 30

government bonds

Question 31

when were state peasants given the same right to buy land

Answer 31

1866

Question 32

how long was the transition period after emancipation

Answer 32

2 years

Question 33

how much land on average did landowners retain compared to peasants

Answer 33

landowners 2/3 peasants only received 1/3

Question 34

how many estates did the army have to restore order in after emancipation

Answer 34

over 300

Question 35

what did peasants think of emancipation

Answer 35

didn’t like it, felt cheated, was a similar system they were just tied to the mir instead

Question 36

what did nobles think of emancipation

Answer 36

unsatisfied, felt they weren’t compensated enough, many couldn’t afford to pay for labour

Question 37

what did radical/liberal intelligentsia think of emancipation

Answer 37

felt it protected nobles and betrayed peasants - didn’t like it

Question 38

when we’re the military reforms

Answer 38

1861-81

Question 39

who was in charge of military reforms

Answer 39

dmitri milyutin

Question 40

how was military conscription changed

Answer 40

all classes over 21 around 1/4 selected to serve

Question 41

how was length of military service reformed

Answer 41

reduced to 15 years, 6 years in active service 9 in reserve

Question 42

how did military reserves increase between 1862-70

Answer 42

210,000-550,000

Question 43

how many military district commanders were introduced after reform

Answer 43

15

Question 44

which writer criticised serfdom

Answer 44

turgenev

Question 45

how much land did the average peasant have after emancipation

Answer 45

just under 4 hectares (not much)