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History Russia > the emancipation of the serfs study and context > Flashcards

the emancipation of the serfs study and context Flashcards

1
Q

what was russias population in 1855

A

70mil

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2
Q

what percentage of the russian empire was russian in 1855

A

50%

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3
Q

what percentage of pop in 1855 were peasants

A

over 90%

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4
Q

what percentage of pop in 1855 were nobles

A

less than 1%

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5
Q

what was noble land ownership percentage in 1861

A

80%

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6
Q

why did the nobility have interest to support the tsar in 1855

A

because he gave them their land

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7
Q

why did peasants tolerate/support the tsar before 1855

A

they were uneducated and only information from the church, which taught that the tsar had divine right to rule, also peasants didn’t venture outside their villages and lived their little lives

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8
Q

what percent of peasants were domestic servants

A

7%

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9
Q

what percent of peasants were serfs

A

50%

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10
Q

what percent of population in 1855 were members of the orthodox church

A

70%

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11
Q

how big was the russian army in 1855

A

1.5 mil

biggest in europe

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12
Q

how long did peasant conscripts (soldiers) have to serve in the army for in 1855

A

25 years

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13
Q

what was peasant life expectancy in 1855

A

35

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14
Q

what percent of people lived in towns and cities over 100,000 in 1855

A

1.6%

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15
Q

how did russian dominance fall in pig iron production compared to britain

A

was top producer in 1800
by 1855 britain was making 10x russia

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16
Q

how much railway did russia and britain have in 1860, and what were their comparative sizes

A

russia 1600km
britain 15000km

russia 90x the size of britian

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17
Q

why was the russian navy inferior to france and britains in the crimean war

A

their ships ran on wind not steam

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18
Q

in which great exhibition did russia have no new industrial innovation to present

A

1851

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19
Q

what was russias gnp compared to britain

A

1/3 of britains

20
Q

when did britain emancipate their serfs

A

1574

21
Q

name some enlightened bureaucrats

A

milyutin brothers
party of st petersburg progress

22
Q

name some enlightened members of the royal family

A

grand duke konstantin
catherine the great (1762-96)

23
Q

when was the significant spike in peasant/serf uprisings

A

1857-59

24
Q

how did the tsar acknowledge the risk of peasant uprisings

A

weekly report on mood of the peasantry from december 1857

25
Q

during 1861 how many peasant disturbances were there

A

over 1000
one involved 10,000 peasants

26
Q

where were free labourers significantly more productive than serfs and why was this significant

A

siberia, even though the land was much more difficult to farm because of the climate

27
Q

what percentage of serfs were mortgaged by landowners as security for loans because of landowner poverty in 1859

A

66%

28
Q

when was the emancipation of the serfs

A

1861

29
Q

what were redemption payments

A

annual payments for 49 years to pay to buy the land they previously worked (the mir owned it until last payment)

30
Q

how were landowners compensated for their loss of land

A

government bonds

31
Q

when were state peasants given the same right to buy land

A

1866

32
Q

how long was the transition period after emancipation

A

2 years

33
Q

how much land on average did landowners retain compared to peasants

A

landowners 2/3
peasants only received 1/3

34
Q

how many estates did the army have to restore order in after emancipation

A

over 300

35
Q

what did peasants think of emancipation

A

didn’t like it, felt cheated, was a similar system they were just tied to the mir instead

36
Q

what did nobles think of emancipation

A

unsatisfied, felt they weren’t compensated enough, many couldn’t afford to pay for labour

37
Q

what did radical/liberal intelligentsia think of emancipation

A

felt it protected nobles and betrayed peasants - didn’t like it

38
Q

when we’re the military reforms

A

1861-81

39
Q

who was in charge of military reforms

A

dmitri milyutin

40
Q

how was military conscription changed

A

all classes over 21
around 1/4 selected to serve

41
Q

how was length of military service reformed

A

reduced to 15 years, 6 years in active service
9 in reserve

42
Q

how did military reserves increase between 1862-70

A

210,000-550,000

43
Q

how many military district commanders were introduced after reform

A

15

44
Q

which writer criticised serfdom

A

turgenev

45
Q

how much land did the average peasant have after emancipation

A

just under 4 hectares (not much)

History Russia (12 decks)

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