The Electrocardiogram Flashcards
What is Sinus arrhythmia?
Change in HR with respiration
Sinus arrhythmia increases with ______ and decreases with______
inspiration; expiration
Sinus arrhythmia depends on______
intact autonomic nervous system
Define Arrythmia
Abnormal rhythm of the heart
What are the causes of Arrhythmias?
•Damage to the SA node
resulting in appearance of a new abnormal pacemaker
•Appearance of irritable ectopic foci in atria or ventricles (due to IHD)
•Block in the normal pathway of the conductive system
•Reentry
What are the types of arrhythmias?
Atrial arrhythmias and ventricular arrhythmias
What is atrial arrhythmias?
- Atrial extrasystole
- Abnormal P wave
- Followed by a compensatory pause
What treatment would be given for atrial arrhythmias?
- Increasing vagal discharge by:
- carotid sinus massage
- Anti-arrhythmic drugs
- Others
What is ventricular arrhythmias?
- Ventricular extrasystole
- Abnormal wide QRS
- Followed by a compensatory pause
What treatment would be given for ventricular arrhythmias?
- Anti-arrhythmic drugs
- Electronic defibrillators
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
What is heart block?
•Block of conduction from atria to ventricles
What is first degree heart block?
- incomplete
* prolonged PR interval
What is third degree heart block?
- complete
- Regular P wave
- Abnormal QRS
- Slow ventricular rate
•Hyperkalemia & hypokalemia cause changes in the________
T wave
•Hypercalcemia & hypocalcemia cause changes in the________
ST segment
