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Nursing Process > The elderly > Flashcards

The elderly Flashcards

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1
Q

Categories of aging

A 
Young-old: 65-74 yrs
Old: 75-84
Old-old: 85-99
Elite-old: over 100
each category has distinct set of interests and HC needs
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2
Q

65 years and over population

A

grown twice as fast, US census in 2000 found that of 35 million 1/8 were >65, by 2030 in a population of 70 million 1/4 will be >65,

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3
Q

85 years and older population

A

most rapidly increasing age group, projected to reach 9.6 million in 2030, in 2002 the population was 6 million

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4
Q

Baby-boomers

A

turning 65 placing greater demands on health care, born within 1946-1964

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5
Q

Four basic characteristics of aging process

A

Universal, progressive, intrinsic in nature, and affected by extrinsic factors

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6
Q

Senescence

A

the process of growing old

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7
Q

Biological

A

progressive loss of function, multifactor process, quality of life while increasing life span, slow or reverse age related changes, and researched to reverse effects of aging

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8
Q

Two categories of biological aging theories:

A

Stochastic (aging is due to chance) and nonstochastic theory (age related molecular and cellular events)

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9
Q

Stochastic theories

A

Genetic, Free radical, cross-link theories

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10
Q

Genetic theory

A

determines life expectancy, internal mechanism determines senescence, faulty synthesis of DNA, thought to be primary cause, somatic/intrinsic/transcription

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11
Q

Free Radical theory

A

unstable free radicals, causes biochemical changes (cells cannot regenerate), byproducts of cellular processes and environment (atherosclerosis, cataracts, and cancer)

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12
Q

Cross-link theory

A

chemical reactions as cells age, loss of elasticity, stiffness, loss of function and rigid, fragile tissue

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13
Q

Nonstochastic theory

A

Neuroendocrine, immunity theory, programmed theory, telomere-telomerase hypothesis, and stress theory

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14
Q

Neuroendocrine

A

efficiency of signals between mechanisms is lost or altered, changes in hypothalamic-pituitary system

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15
Q

Immunity theory

A

reduced resistance to infectious diseases and viruses-possibly related to genetics, environment, or endocrine factors

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16
Q

Programmed theory

A

biological clock triggers specific cell behaviors @ specific times, specific # of cell divisions and specific life span, impairment in ability of cell to continue dividing

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17
Q

Telomere-telomerase hypothesis

A

limits number of times cell can divide, strong relationship between aging and cancer

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18
Q

Stress theory “wear and tear”

A

cells wear due to internal and external stressors (trauma, chemicals, metabolic waste products, nutrient deprivation) Leads to organ malfunction, and body wears out like an automobile with time leading to aging and death

19
Q

Psychosocial theories

A

supports the concept that lifestyle, personality, and environmental factors influence aging

20
Q

Personality theory

A

each individual is unique, persons characteristics, habits, behavior, and other qualities

21
Q

Adult development

A

definable, predictable, sequential patterns, physical and psychosocial growth undergo reorganization, normative activities in each stage,

22
Q

Disengagement theory

A

process of elders withdraw from roles and responsibilities. Four main concepts.

23
Q

Four main concepts of disengagement theory:

A

1: aging person and society mutually withdraw
2: withdrawal process is systematic and inevitable
3: necessary for successful aging by providing time for reflection and coming to terms with unfulfilled expectations
4: beneficial for society- an orderly transfer of power from old to young

24
Q

Activity theory

A

belief that the way to age successfully is to stay active,

25
Q

continuity or developmental theory

A

predict how person will adjust to aging, personality traits remain the same as aging occurs

26
Q

Aging

A

normal physical and behavioral changes that occur under normal environmental conditions as people mature and advance in age

27
Q

Geriatrics

A

branch of medicine that deals with problems and diseases of old age/aging

28
Q

Gerontology

A

study of all aspects of the aging process and its consequences

29
Q

Safety issues

A

care of the patient (apply non-skid shoes/socks), accidents(fallophobia, presbyopia, reduced sense of touch, decreased reaction time), protective device usage ( restraints), alternative restraints (close obs., assess pain/comfort, educate/med. review, family conference, bed alarm, and decrease stimulation)

30
Q

Therapeutic communication

A

nurse (respect the older adults uniqueness, special considerations: sensory deficits, listen, touch, orientation, reminiscence), sensory deficits (sensory losses change mentation, isolate, create comm. barrier), sensory deprivation (sensory deficit from sight/hearing loss), listening ( very important), reminiscence (recall past to assign new meanings to experience), reality orientation (person, place, time, and circumstance), barriers to communication (uncomfortable, med. effect, psychosocial function, contact with reality, culture/lang. differ., prejudices/stereotypes), environment (lighting, face to face, private)

31
Q

Guidelines for reality orientation

A

realism (don’t reinforce delusions), independence (promote independence), individualized (allow them to have familiar objects), reinforcement (positive), repetition (repeat info), and clarity/consistency (clear short directions)

32
Q

Skin care for the elderly

A

integumentary changes (increased dryness, pallor, fragility, loss of elasticity, wrinkling, sagging, alopecia, thick- britle nails), positioning (turn q2 hrs), bathing (great time to assess), hydration risk (encourage fluids unless contraindicated), prevent trauma (falls, fires, MVAs most common cause of accidental death), mental health (assess for all basic needs), incontinence (keep dry and clean)

33
Q

Driving safety

A

MVA most common cause of injury related death in young old population

34
Q

sundown syndrome

A

agitation, confusion occurs late in day/when sun goes down

35
Q

depression

A

mood disorder, use geriatric depression scale

36
Q

dementia

A

slow insidious loss of cognitive function (chronic state)

37
Q

delirium

A

usually transient condition disorganized thinking, loss of concentration (acute state)

38
Q

Eriksons stages of development

A

each stage has a specific developmental task based on successful attainment of previous developmental tasks (ego integrity vs despair, >65 yrs)

39
Q

Sense of wholeness

A

can accept death as a part of life, sense of unique life, sense of self

40
Q

Behaviors reflecting problems

A

fear for future and dying

41
Q

Causes of older adult malnutrition

A

lack of transportation, inappropriate foods, inability to carry bags, loneliness, diminished sense of taste and smell, and tooth loss/ill fitting dentures

42
Q

How to improve eating habits

A

educate, allow time for meals, check dentures, make food look attractive, favorite foods, smaller more frequent meals, time meals around favorite TV shows

43
Q

Teaching older adults

A

peer educators, simplicity repetition, support belief that change is helpful and worth the effort of increased learning (Ex: meds., nutrition, hygiene, mobility, support services, when/how to seek help)

Nursing Process (6 decks)

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