the elbow

Question 1

cozens/ reverse cozens

Answer 1

Active contraction test
(tennis elbow)
-pronate and radially deviate (towards thumb)
-extend wrist
-patient resists pressure

-supinate, ulnar deviation, wrist flexion
testing= Lateral epicondylitis, Medial epicondylitis
positive test= Pain/ weakness in lateral epicondylitis

Question 2

mills/ reverse mills

Answer 2

passive test
-pronation, flexion and extend elbow

-supinate, extend wrist and go into extension
-tests medial epicondylitis
testing= Lateral epicondylitis
Medial epicondylitis
positive test= Pain/ weakness

Question 3

varus/ valgus stress test

Answer 3

-patient’s arm is stabilise with one of examiners hands at elbow and other hand placed above patients wrist
-an abduction or valgus force at distal forearm is applied to test medial collateral lig (valgus instability)

Varus instability:
-patients elbow flxed and stabilised with examiners hand
-an adduction or Varus force is applied by examiner to distal forearm to test lateral collateral ligament

Both are performed several times with increasing pressure
testing= Lateral/ medial ligament sprain
positive test= pain