The economic way of thinking Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 basic desires?

A

Needs and wants

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2
Q

Desires that can be satisfied by consuming a good or service

A

Wants

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3
Q

Things such as food, clothing, and shelter that are necessary for survival

A

Needs

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4
Q

The situation that exists when there are not enough resources to meet human wants

A

Scarcity

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5
Q

The study of how people choose to use scarce resources to satisfy their wants

A

Economics

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6
Q

____________ is central to the use of scarce resources

A

Choice

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7
Q

Physical objects that can be purchased such as food, clothing, or furniture

A

Goods

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8
Q

Work that one person performs for another for payment

A

Sevices

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9
Q

Person who buys goods or services for personal use

A

Consumer

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10
Q

Person who makes goods or produces services

A

Producer

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11
Q

What are the three economic questions?

A

What to produce?
How to produce them?
Who to produce them for?

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12
Q

What are the four factors of production?

A

Land
Labor
Capital
Entrepreneurship

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13
Q

All the natural resources found on or underground that can be used to produce goods and services

A

Land

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14
Q

All the human time, effort, and talent that go into the making of products

A

Labor

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15
Q

All the resources made and used by people to produce and distribute goods and services; All the producer’s physical resources

A

Capital

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16
Q

What are the resources necessary to produce goods and services?

A

Factors of production

17
Q

The combination of vision, skill, ingenuity, and willingness to take risks that is needed to create and run new businesses

A

Entrepreneurship

18
Q

The knowledge and skills gained through experience

A

Human capital

19
Q

Methods used to encourage people to take certain actions

A

Incentives

20
Q

The benefit or satisfaction received from using a good or service

A

Utility

21
Q

To make decisions according to the best combination of costs and benefits

A

Economization

22
Q

What factors shape economic choices?

A

Incentives, Utility

23
Q

Do not require all or nothing choices, rather, they involve giving up some or one thing to gain more of another

A

Trade-offs

24
Q

The value of the next-best alternative or what you give up by choosing one over another

A

Opportunity cost

25
Q

The practice of examining costs and the expected benefits of a choice as an aid to decision making

A

Cost-benefit analysis

26
Q

Shows what you get and what you give up when you make choices

A

Decision-making grid

27
Q

The additional cost of using one more unit of product

A

Marginal cost

28
Q

The additional satisfaction from using one more unit of a product

A

Marginal Benefit

29
Q

A graph used by economists to show the impact of scarcity on an economy

A

Production Possibilities Frontier

30
Q

PPF is based on what assumptions?

A

Resources are fixed
All Resources are fully employed
Only two things can be produced
Technology is fixed

31
Q

Latin phrase used in economics to mean all other things being held equal or constant

A

Ceteris paribus

32
Q

The condition in which economic resources are being used to produce the maximum amount of goods and services

A

Efficiency

33
Q

The condition in which economic resources are not being used to their full potential

A

Underutilization

34
Q

States that as production switches from one product to another, increasing amounts of resources are needed to increase the production of the second product

A

Law of Increasing Opportunity Costs