The economic landscape of the city Flashcards
Concerns in a modern city
Functions
Distribution
Intensity
Function
The sort of features present in a city
Distribution
Where features are located
Intensity
How intensely these features are used
Bid-Rent
The amount of money a particular parcel of land could expect to receive. (Synonymous with land value)
Not necessarily how much it is WORTH, but how much it expects to RECEIVE
Prime Value Intersection (PVI)
Point in the city with the greatest degree of access. Point where all other land values are determined.
Access Costs
the costs associated with distance for a particular function
Central Business District (CBD)
The core of the city, where transport networks converge and land uses are dominated by retail and office functions.
Bid Rent =
Land Value at PVI – Access Costs
CBD roles in a city
Central Market Place
Major Transportation Node
Administrative Center
High-level producer services/command and control centres
High land values, high intensity
Area with few or no residential functions
The problem with allowing markets to determine value of parcels of land in the city:
Sustainability and liveability of a city is based on good land use planning.
History: Land use of European/Asian cities VS. American cities
Historically, European and Asian cities were constrained by natural elements, whereas American cities had an immense amount of land to build and build (sprawl).
Average percent of land in a city that is PRIVATELY OWNED
65-68%
Average percent of land in a city that is allocated for automobiles (STREETS)
17-18%
Almost 20% of our land is taken up by infrastructure accommodating cars.
Average percent of land in a city that is PUBLICLY OWNED
13-16%
Vancouver’s PVI
Burrard/West Georgia.
Area is home to large corporation offices, hotels, banks, govt. offices, investors, lawyers.
666 Burrard - highest rent. - 57 dollars per square ft.
Burrard station
Surrey’s suggested LRT implement is
The plan is pushing up land values and home prices (property prices have increased 100% per cent over the past two years).
Yaletown `
- research is showing is that people just purchase property (apartments) and don’t occupy them.
Problem with living in a tall building
less social, more lonely.
Densification problem in Yaletown
- research is showing is that people just purchase property (apartments) and don’t occupy them.
Problem with living in a tall building
Less social, more lonely.
Problem with Dubai
Larry Beasly
Determinants of quality of life (9)
- Material wellbeing
- Health
- Political stability and security
- Family Life
- Community Life
- Climate and geography
- Job security
- Political Freedom
- Gender equality
Determinants of quality of life (9)
- Material wellbeing
- Health
- Political stability and security
- Family Life
- Community Life
- Climate and geography
- Job security
- Political Freedom
- Gender equality
Economist: Determinants of quality of life (9)
- Material wellbeing (GDP per person)
- Health (Life expectancy at birth)
- Political stability and security (political stability and security ratings)
- Family Life (divorce)
- Community Life (church attendance, trade-union memberships
- Climate and geography (latitude)
- Job security (unemployment rate)
- Political Freedom (average inicies of political and civil liberties)
- Gender equality (Ratio of avg. male to female earnings)
Economist: Livability score
stability
healthcare
culture and environment
education and infrastructure
Critical factors for livable communities (committee of scholars, Melbourne)
- Safety
- Social connection and inclusion
- Environmental Sustainability
- Access to affordable and diverse housing options
- Linked via public transport, walking and cycling infrastructure
- Public open space and parks
- Health and community services
- Leisure and culture
CBD’s are being challenged by
Suburban and industrial development. These things draw people away from the CBD.
Good Density
- diversity of people (positionality)
- mixed use development
- ideally: people can live, work and play, all within walking distance
- Multimodal options: priority on walking, biking and transit
- High level of amenity (density not only liveable but loveable)
- High quality urban design
- built environments that foster social cohesion and interaction
Average commute time for canadians
52 minutes.
How dense should a city be? (Brent Toderian)
At any scale, well designed density works. You can increase density and increase.
If poorly designed, increase density and living quality decreases.
No specific number because it is not a mathematical exercise - its a qualitative exercise.
Good density (Brent Toderian)
BRENT TODERIAN:
- Multimodal thinking: priority on walking, biking and transit
- High level of amenity (density not only liveable but loveable)
- High quality urban design
if you design a city for cars, you _________
if you design a city for cars, you fail everyone, including drivers.
problem with the economist’s ranking of liveability.
liveability and quality of life are often qualitative, and not just mathematical, quantifiable things
Problem with suburban sprawl
- distances between everything
- low density
- car dependent
- low quality of experience for the space available
- ## public transit doesn’t run frequently
Best transportation plan is a ______ (Brent Toderian)
Land Use Plan.
Land use and the built environment influence travel behaviours in a number of ways.
Land use and the built environment influence travel behaviours in a number of ways:
- Destinations — locating major destinations and centres
at rapid transit stations or along corridors makes them
easy to serve efficiently with frequent transit - Distance — a well-connected, fine-grain pedestrian
network enables shorter, more direct walking
connections and is easier to serve cost-effectively with
transit - Density — higher levels of residential and employment
density support more local amenities within walking and
cycling distance, and justify high levels of transit service. - Diversity — a diverse mix of land uses and housing
types makes it easier to live, work, shop, and play
without having to travel far - Design — well-designed buildings and public realm
create intere
Transport, land use and DENSITY
higher levels of residential and employment
density support more local amenities within walking and
cycling distance, and justify high levels of transit service
Transport, land us and MIXED USE PLANNING
A diverse mix of land uses and housing
types makes it easier to live, work, shop, and play
without having to travel far
